Table 2: Detailed Mandatory Breakout

BLI	Reconciliation Bin Title	FY 2025 ($K)	FY 2026 ($K)	FY 2027 ($K)
0601102A	Low-Cost Weapons		1,000
0601103A	Low-Cost Weapons		28,000
0603119A	Low-Cost Weapons		1,500
0603464A	Munitions and Supply Chain		155,700
0603465A	Low-Cost Weapons		8,401
0603639A	Munitions and Supply Chain		50,000
0603804A	Low-Cost Weapons		10,000
0604019A	Munitions and Supply Chain		5,000
0604020A	Low-Cost Weapons		12,000
0604115A	Munitions and Supply Chain		29,300
0604117A	Munitions and Supply Chain		60,150
0604129A	Low-Cost Weapons		5,000
0604182A	Munitions			40,000
0604741A	Munitions and Supply Chain		43,300
0604818A	Low-Cost Weapons		3,450
0604820A	Missile Defense		14,000
0604827A	Low-Cost Weapons		10,000
0604827A	Munitions and Supply Chain		12,587
0605051A	Munitions and Supply Chain		13,530
0605053A	Readiness		74,000
0605054A	INDOPACOM Capabilities		84,000
0605054A	Missile Defense		55,000
0605231A	Munitions and Supply Chain		197,184
0605232A	Munitions and Supply Chain		19,401
0605241A	Readiness		310,000
0605345A	Low-Cost Weapons		15,000
0605301A	Missile Defense		8,800
0605301A	Missile Defense		215,000
0606118A	Missile Defense		63,000
0607131A	Low-Cost Weapons		2,400
0607139A	Readiness		63,000
Classified	INDOPACOM Capabilities		25,000
0604759A	Missile Defense		184,200
Classified	Low-Cost Weapons	12,294
Mandatory Total		12,294	1,778,903	40,000

MANDATORY FUNDING JUSTIFICATION: The FY 2027 request for Research, Development, Test and Evaluation, Army includes $18,708,826thousand of discretionary and $40,000thousand of mandatory reconciliation for a total of $18,748,826thousand.

Munitions The$40,000 thousand in mandatory reconciliation funds in PE 0604182A / Hypersonics areto supportthe development and test of the Blackbeard -Ground Launch (GL) low-cost hypersonic strike missile. This effort will assess the potential to achieve a significantly reduced cost for high-speed strike capability complementing existing Precision Strike Missile (PrSM) capabilities.

The FY 2026 spend plan amountfor Research, Development, Test and Evaluation, Army includes$16,565,760 thousand of discretionary and $1,778,903thousand of mandatory (reconciliation) for a total of $18,344,663thousand.

The FY 2025 spend plan amountfor Research, Development, Test and Evaluation, Army includes $14,496,467 thousand of discretionary and $12,294 thousand of mandatory (reconciliation)for a total of $14,508,761 thousand.

UNCLASSIFIED

Army • Budget Estimates FY 2027 • RDT&E Program

Program Element Table of Contents (by Budget Activity then Line Item Number)

Appropriation 2040: Research, Development, Test & Evaluation, Army

Line # Budget Activity Program Element Number Program Element Title Page

7 02 0602002A Army Agile Innovation and Development-Applied Research.............................................Volume 1b -1 8 02 0602134A Counter Improvised-Threat Advanced Studies..................................................................Volume 1b -6 9 02 0602135A Counter Small Unmanned Aerial Systems (C-SUAS) Applied Research..........................Volume 1b -9 10 02 0602141A Lethality Technology........................................................................................................Volume 1b -13 11 02 0602143A Soldier Lethality Technology...........................................................................................Volume 1b -52 12 02 0602144A Ground Technology.........................................................................................................Volume 1b -88 13 02 0602145A Next Generation Combat Vehicle Technology..............................................................Volume 1b -131 14 02 0602146A Network C3I Technology...............................................................................................Volume 1b -164 15 02 0602147A Long Range Precision Fires Technology......................................................................Volume 1b -211 16 02 0602148A Future Verticle Lift Technology......................................................................................Volume 1b -227 17 02 0602150A Air and Missile Defense Technology.............................................................................Volume 1b -244 18 02 0602180A Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Technologies............................................Volume 1b -264 19 02 0602181A All Domain Convergence Applied Research.................................................................Volume 1b -282 20 02 0602182A C3I Applied Research................................................................................................... Volume 1b -285 21 02 0602183A Air Platform Applied Research......................................................................................Volume 1b -312 22 02 0602184A Soldier Applied Research..............................................................................................Volume 1b -341

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Army • Budget Estimates FY 2027 • RDT&E Program

Appropriation 2040: Research, Development, Test & Evaluation, Army

Line # Budget Activity Program Element Number Program Element Title Page

23 02 0602213A C3I Applied Cyber.........................................................................................................Volume 1b -358 24 02 0602275A Electronic Warfare Applied Research............................................................................Volume 1b -365 25 02 0602276A Electronic Warfare Cyber Applied Research.................................................................Volume 1b -392 26 02 0602345A Unmanned Aerial Systems Launched Effects Applied Research..................................Volume 1b -397 27 02 0602386A Biotechnology for Materials -Applied Research........................................................... Volume 1b -407 29 02 0602785A Manpower/Personnel/Training Technology................................................................... Volume 1b -414 30 02 0602787A Medical Technology.......................................................................................................Volume 1b -418

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Army • Budget Estimates FY 2027 • RDT&E Program

Program Element Table of Contents (Alphabetically by Program Element Title)

Program Element Program Element Title Number Line # BA Page

Air Platform Applied Research 0602183A 21 02....................................Volume 1b -312 Air and Missile Defense Technology 0602150A 17 02....................................Volume 1b -244 All Domain Convergence Applied Research 0602181A 19 02....................................Volume 1b -282 Army Agile Innovation and Development-Applied Research 0602002A 7 02........................................Volume 1b -1 Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Technologies 0602180A 18 02....................................Volume 1b -264 Biotechnology for Materials - Applied Research 0602386A 27 02....................................Volume 1b -407 C3I Applied Cyber 0602213A 23 02....................................Volume 1b -358 C3I Applied Research 0602182A 20 02....................................Volume 1b -285 Counter Improvised-Threat Advanced Studies 0602134A 8 02........................................Volume 1b -6 Counter Small Unmanned Aerial Systems (C-SUAS) Applied Research 0602135A 9 02........................................Volume 1b -9 Electronic Warfare Applied Research 0602275A 24 02....................................Volume 1b -365 Electronic Warfare Cyber Applied Research 0602276A 25 02....................................Volume 1b -392 Future Verticle Lift Technology 0602148A 16 02....................................Volume 1b -227 Ground Technology 0602144A 12 02......................................Volume 1b -88 Lethality Technology 0602141A 10 02......................................Volume 1b -13 Long Range Precision Fires Technology 0602147A 15 02....................................Volume 1b -211 Manpower/Personnel/Training Technology 0602785A 29 02....................................Volume 1b -414

UNCLASSIFIED

UNCLASSIFIED

Army • Budget Estimates FY 2027 • RDT&E Program

Program Element
Program Element Title	Number	Line #	BA	Page
Medical Technology	0602787A	30	02....................................Volume 1b -418
Network C3I Technology	0602146A	14	02....................................Volume 1b -164
Next Generation Combat Vehicle Technology	0602145A	13	02....................................Volume 1b -131
Soldier Applied Research	0602184A	22	02....................................Volume 1b -341
Soldier Lethality Technology	0602143A	11	02......................................Volume 1b -52
Unmanned Aerial Systems Launched Effects Applied Research	0602345A	26	02....................................Volume 1b -397

UNCLASSIFIED

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040: Research, Development, Test & Evaluation, Army / BA 2: Applied Research	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602002A / Army Agile Innovation and Development-Applied Research
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
Total Program Element	-	0.973	9.455	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	10.428
DC4: Army Applied Innovation	-	0.723	4.251	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	4.974
DC6: Sci & Analysis for Autonomous Sys & Counter-Auton	-	0.250	5.204	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	5.454

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This Program Element (PE) funds the Army's goal of assessing and seeding innovative research solutions to achieve future force modernization. Critical technologies

that allow for technological superiority are increasingly dual-use or developed in academia-led partnerships that leverage cutting edge innovation. Cross-cutting

modernization initiatives leverage strategic partnerships and foster an environment to bring knowledge and expertise to demonstrate breakthrough and innovative

technologies that will benefit the warfighter. These collaborations bring new ways of doing business to assess and evaluate emerging technologies with high payoff

potential to address current technology shortfalls. Leveraging other innovative mechanisms, to include accelerators, incubators, and other technology accelerants, to

enhance innovation is part of the overall innovation strategy. Innovation includes not only hardware and physical products but also software, software development,

artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning; all are stand-alone initiatives that are part of broader innovation to programs and technology development. Through the

Army's Innovation Oversight Board, Army senior leadership approves innovation projects in the budget year and year of execution based on priority and opportunity,

ensuring that innovations have a high potential for filling capability gaps and transitioning to Army Science and Technology (S&T) projects to inform an optimal

technology investment strategy and rapidly deliver capabilities to the soldier.

Work is performed by the United States Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM), Army Artificial Intelligence Integration Center (AI2C), the Engineering Research and Development Center, Space and Missile Defense Technical Center, and the United States Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences.

B. Program Change Summary ($ in Millions) FY 2025 FY 2026 FY 2027 Base FY 2027 OOC FY 2027 Total

Previous President's Budget 1.000 9.455 0.000 -0.000 Current President's Budget 0.973 9.455 0.000 -0.000 Total Adjustments -0.027 0.000 0.000 -0.000

• Congressional General Reductions --

• Congressional Directed Reductions --

• Congressional Rescissions -6.032 -

• Congressional Adds --

• Congressional Directed Transfers --

• Reprogrammings 6.032 -

• SBIR/STTR Transfer -0.027 -

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602002A / Army Agile Innovation and Development-Applied Research	Project (Number/Name) DC4 / Army Applied Innovation
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
DC4: Army Applied Innovation	-	0.723	4.251	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	4.974

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project funds the Applied Research portion of the Army Innovation Plan, the Army's investment strategy to rapidly accelerate innovative solutions to challenging

Warfighter problems. This project will provide the Army with the most advanced and cutting-edge solutions and the ability to adapt and integrate multi-disciplinary

innovative technologies. This project accelerates breakthrough and disruptive innovations based on assessing and seeding a solution with multi-disciplinary knowledge.

It addresses ideation and system-level integration applied research and development leading to potential emerging technologies in areas of strategic importance to the

Army. Through the Army's Innovation Oversight Board, the Army senior leadership approves the innovation projects in the budget year and year of execution based on

priority and opportunity, ensuring that innovations have a high potential for filling capability gaps and transitioning to Army Science and Technology (S&T) projects to

inform an optimal technology investment strategy and rapidly deliver capabilities to the soldier.

This project is coordinated with Program Element (PE) 0603025A (Army Agile Innovation and Demonstration) / Project DA3 (Army Advanced Innovation).

Work is performed by the Assistant Secretary of the Army for Acquisition Logistics and Technology, the Army S&T Executing Commands, and the Army Research Laboratory (ARL).

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Army Applied Innovation Description: The Army seeks to research, evaluate, and validate cross-domain technology that display unique and innovative potential to rapidly produce disruptive and groundbreaking capabilities that fall outside of the normal acquisition pipeline. FY 2026 Plans: Will identify breakthrough and disruptive technologies, engage novel ideation & system-level integration at the initial phase of the scientific concepts and technology development; merge synergistic cross-cutting innovations that will lead to advance disruptive technological solutions to Army priorities that require an accelerated solution; identify and initiate development of emergent technologies, for integration in the science and technology program, to address challenges in future operating concepts, operational needs and Army identified priorities. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects the strategic reallocation of resources to support evolving priorities and objectives.	0.723	2.045	-
Title: University Innovation Hub Description: The Army seeks to leverage the academic innovation ecosystem to capture and mature disruptive technologies through their existing body of research and their capacity to further develop and deliver cross-cutting technology solutions for	-	2.206	-

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602002A / Army Agile Innovation and Development-Applied Research	Project (Number/Name) DC4 / Army Applied Innovation

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Army Transformation. Sources and partners include academic institutions, university entrepreneur/spin-out programs, international academic partners, Historically Black Colleges and Universities/Minority Institutions (HBCU/MI) underrepresented institutions, designated Army research centers, University Affiliated Research Centers (UARCs), and similar organizations. Outputs are planned for transition to advance, integrate into, or complement other Army science and technology programs or directly into acquisition programs. FY 2026 Plans: Will mature research originating from university-led research efforts that have the potential for breakthrough or dual-use capability to enable significant improvements to advance military applications for weapon systems, materials, human-machine interface, ground and air vehicles, communications, logistics, or Soldier lethality; mature existing bases of research with cross cutting technologies and high potential for operational relevance to support Army Transformation; university technologies will be assessed in an Army ecosystem connecting efforts with appropriate stakeholders for further maturation. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects the strategic reallocation of resources to support evolving priorities and objectives.
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	0.723	4.251	-

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602002A / Army Agile Innovation and Development-Applied Research	Project (Number/Name) DC6 / Sci & Analysis for Autonomous Sys & Counter-Auton
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
DC6: Sci & Analysis for	-	0.250	5.204	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	5.454
Autonomous Sys & Counter-
Auton

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project investigates and develops capabilities to understand and characterize emerging Science and Technology (S&T) technical pursuits and impacts through

collaborative analytics that enable the assessment of autonomous systems-of-systems, their implications to the future threat environment, and analyzes their

contributions to the Multi-Domain Operations (MDO) concept in relevant operational scenarios. This is a cross-cutting effort that supports S&T, analysis, and modeling

and simulation (M&S) efforts associated with the development of autonomous systems and their application in military operations.

Work in this project also funds research to investigate, develop, and validate tools, methodologies, and analytical techniques to extend experimental results, assure early consideration of technology and system vulnerabilities, reduce developmental risk, provide mission context, and improve the robustness of technology readiness assessments.

Work in this project is performed by the Army Research Laboratory (ARL) and Data and Analysis Center (DAC).

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Threat and Operations Based Intelligent Autonomy Science (TOBIAS) Description: This effort develops and implements models that will be used to assess the vulnerability and lethality (kinetic and non-kinetic) of U.S. and threat autonomous systems. This work will also incorporate the software-based behavioral capabilities of these systems including interfacing with humans. Technology forecasting will be used to enable the development of optimal investment strategies for autonomy science on the basis of operational merit. FY 2026 Plans: Will investigate digital models of unmanned ground and aerial vehicle concepts suitable for use in combat simulations with the ability to represent future options (mobility, target recognition) for autonomous combat systems; design and develop representations of teams of unmanned ground and aerial systems for use in combat simulations; investigate representations of teams of unmanned systems within the framework for simulating their vulnerability/lethality characteristics and develop simulations of the degradation in each of the ballistic, electronic warfare (EW), and cyber threat vectors; investigate the vulnerability/lethality characteristics of the team of unmanned systems links within a combat simulation for a relevant vignette; validate resiliency	0.250	2.169	-

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602002A / Army Agile Innovation and Development-Applied Research	Project (Number/Name) DC6 / Sci & Analysis for Autonomous Sys & Counter-Auton

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
and performance metrics of teams of unmanned systems for a baseline mission; investigate incorporating an advanced science capability technologies within the team of unmanned systems to contrast combat outcomes with a baseline case. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects the strategic reallocation of resources to support evolving priorities and objectives.
Title: Vulnerability and Lethality Analysis Tools for Early Science and Technology Description: Investigates, develops, and validates analytical tools, techniques, and methodologies to extend experimental and research results, ensuring early investigation of technology, system vulnerabilities, human systems integration, system performance, and mission effectiveness. Task objectives reduce developmental risk, provide validation of methodologies and tools in realistic mission contexts, and improve the robustness of technology readiness assessments. FY 2026 Plans: Will validate researched novel techniques and initial methodologies into a constructive combat simulation and determine overall analytic approach; validate initial analysis of a single autonomous system in the constructive combat simulation using the developed methodologies for vulnerability and lethality performance characteristics and synergistic effects in the kinetic, electromagnetic, and cyber domains; continue investigating novel autonomous systems and designing and developing vulnerability and lethality performance characteristics; investigate additional autonomous algorithms beyond mobility and determine feasibility of integration into constructive combat simulation FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects the strategic reallocation of resources to support evolving priorities and objectives.	-	3.035	-
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	0.250	5.204	-

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040: Research, Development, Test & Evaluation, Army / BA 2: Applied Research	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602134A / Counter Improvised-Threat Advanced Studies
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
Total Program Element	-	4.098	6.174	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	10.272
CD2: Counter Improvised-Threat Advanced Studies	-	4.098	6.174	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	10.272

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This PE executes applied research into novel methods for the detection and classification complex obstacles, including new advanced surface-laid and buried antipersonnel mines, anti-tank mines, off-route effectors, wire, anti-vehicle obstacles, and other threat constructed obstacles under the expected environmental conditions in Large Scale Combat Operations (LSCO) to enable application to maneuver and breaching.

This PE is executed in coordination with the Under Secretary of War for Research and Engineering and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA).

Work in this PE is fully coordinated with PE 0603134A (Counter Improvised Threat Simulation), Project CD3 (Counter Improvised Threat Simulation).

Work in this project is managed by Command, Control, Computers, Communications, Cyber, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (C5ISR) Center. Work is performed by the U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM), Army Artificial Intelligence Integration Center (AI2C), the Engineering Research and Development Center, Space and Missile Defense Technical Center, and the U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences with oversight from Assistant Secretary of the Army for Acquisition, Logistics and Technology for Research and Technology (DASA R&T).

B. Program Change Summary ($ in Millions) FY 2025 FY 2026 FY 2027 Base FY 2027 OOC FY 2027 Total

Previous President's Budget 6.163 6.174 0.000 -0.000 Current President's Budget 4.098 6.174 0.000 -0.000 Total Adjustments -2.065 0.000 0.000 -0.000

• Congressional General Reductions --

• Congressional Directed Reductions --

• Congressional Rescissions --

• Congressional Adds --

• Congressional Directed Transfers --

• Reprogrammings -1.840 -

• SBIR/STTR Transfer -0.225 -

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602134A / Counter Improvised-Threat Advanced Studies	Project (Number/Name) CD2 / Counter Improvised-Threat Advanced Studies
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
CD2: Counter Improvised-Threat Advanced Studies	-	4.098	6.174	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	10.272

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project investigates novel methods for the detection and classification complex obstacles, including new advanced surface-laid and buried anti-personnel mines,

anti-tank mines, off-route effectors, wire, anti-vehicle obstacles, and other threat constructed obstacles under the expected environmental conditions in Large Scale

Combat Operations (LSCO) to enable application to maneuver and breaching.

This project is executed by the Transformation & Training Command (T2COM) in coordination with the Under Secretary of War for Research and Engineering and the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA).

Work in this project is fully coordinated with PE 0603134A (Counter Improvised Threat Simulation) / Project CD3 (Counter Improvised Threat Simulation).

Work in this project is executed by the U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM) in coordination with the Under Secretary of War for Research and Engineering.

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Counter IED Emerging Technologies Description: This effort investigates emerging technologies in physics and computer science to identify applications to detect and subsequently classify advanced threat explosive hazards and complex obstacles. This effort investigates the foundational models, vision transformers, and segmentation applications necessary to extract scene information and use that information for further fusion in environmentally challenging conditions. The goals include meeting minimum probability of detection and standoff requirements for a combat engineer precision detection capability. This effort is informed by technology trends across the Department of War and by analysis of complex obstacle threats encountered in operational scenarios. FY 2026 Plans: Will mature electro-optical (EO), infrared (IR), and radio frequency (RF) techniques to detect buried and hidden Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) and other explosive threats; optimize data processing and data fusion techniques to improve detection of hidden IEDs and broaden applications to detect IEDs in various environmental conditions; validate performance of electromagnetic and bulk explosive detection technologies to detect personnel and vehicle borne IEDs. Will investigate emerging techniques to counter future radio controlled IED threats in complex electromagnetic environments. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement:	4.098	6.174	-

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602134A / Counter Improvised-Threat Advanced Studies	Project (Number/Name) CD2 / Counter Improvised-Threat Advanced Studies

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Funding decrease reflects strategic reallocation of resources to support evolving priorities and objectives.
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	4.098	6.174	-

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040: Research, Development, Test & Evaluation, Army / BA 2: Applied Research	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602135A / Counter Small Unmanned Aerial Systems (C-SUAS) Applied Research
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
Total Program Element	-	-	12.618	26.523	-	26.523	14.784	14.469	14.547	16.155	0.000	99.096
A31: Counter Small Unmanned Aircraft Sys (C-sUAS) Tech	-	-	12.618	26.523	-	26.523	14.784	14.469	14.547	16.155	0.000	99.096

Note

C-sUAS is part of the Department of the Defense Capability Based (Agile) funding, which provides enhanced capabilities by fostering innovation and accelerated deployment of promising technology.

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This Program Element (PE) investigates, designs, and develops novel capabilities that aid in the detection, tracking, identification, mitigation, and/or defeat of small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS) groups 1-3. Provides counter-small UAS (C-SUAS) detection capabilities in radar, radio frequency (RF), electro-optical and infrared (EO/IR), and acoustic signature regimes. Provides capabilities to track and predict UAS flight paths, airspace situational awareness, and/or location of UAS operators to increase defeat and force protection capabilities. Develops identification methods to discern aerial systems and payloads. Develops algorithms to enable threat prioritization, airspace control, coordinated response, and resource management of C-SUAS capabilities. Designs and develops interceptor capabilities to deliver physical effects that enable faster intercept, greater standoff ranges, increased magazine depth, survivability, affordability, and/or decrease in size, weight, and/or power requirements.

B. Program Change Summary ($ in Millions) FY 2025 FY 2026 FY 2027 Base FY 2027 OOC FY 2027 Total

Previous President's Budget 0.000 12.618 0.000 -0.000 Current President's Budget 0.000 12.618 26.523 -26.523 Total Adjustments 0.000 0.000 26.523 -26.523

• Congressional General Reductions --

• Congressional Directed Reductions --

• Congressional Rescissions --

• Congressional Adds --

• Congressional Directed Transfers --

• Reprogrammings --

• SBIR/STTR Transfer --

• Adjustments to Budget Years --26.523 -26.523

Change Summary Explanation

FY 2027 funding increase reflects the fact that the FY 2026 President's Budget request did not include out-year funding.

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602135A / Counter Small Unmanned A erial Systems (C-SUAS) Applied Research	Project (Number/Name) A31 / Counter Small Unmanned Aircraft Sys (C-sUAS) Tech
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
A31: Counter Small Unmanned Aircraft Sys (C-sUAS) Tech	-	-	12.618	26.523	-	26.523	14.784	14.469	14.547	16.155	0.000	99.096

Note

This is not a new start.

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project investigates, designs, and develops novel capabilities that aid in the detection, tracking, identification, mitigation, and/or defeat of small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS) groups 1-3. Designs and develops interceptor capabilities to deliver physical effects that enable faster intercept, greater standoff ranges, increased magazine depth, survivability, affordability, and/or decrease in size, weight, and power requirements. Provides capabilities to track and predict UAS flight paths, airspace situational awareness, and/or location of UAS operators to increase defeat and force protection capabilities. Develops algorithms to enable threat prioritization, airspace control, coordinated response, and resource management of C-SUAS capabilities. Develops technical solutions to defeat sUAS capabilities, including target acquisition, navigation, and control, in addition to identifying and exploiting weaknesses in sUAS system design and operation.

Work in this project is performed by the Aviation & Missile Center (AvMC).

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Extended Range C-sUAS (XRC) Tech Description: This effort investigates concepts, performs trade studies, and provides component technology development to increase range, reduce reaction time, increase lethality, improve reliability, and reduce reload time for C-sUAS kinetic interceptor capabilities for the maneuver forces fixed site and mobile C-sUAS configurations. FY 2026 Plans: Will investigate critical component technology designs to address small form factor C-sUAS missile systems and continue risk reduction efforts; continue to develop novel propulsion concepts through component evaluation and test data analysis; design and develop seeker technology to meet long range missile intercept requirements and small form factor constraints; mature small form factor critical missile components for extended range UAS threats; design and develop modeling and simulation technology for independent performance prediction and evaluation capabilities. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects realignment within this project to create C-sUAS Deny and Defeat Tech.	-	12.618	-
Title: C-sUAS Deny and Defeat Tech	-	-	26.523

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602135A / Counter Small Unmanned A erial Systems (C-SUAS) Applied Research	Project (Number/Name) A31 / Counter Small Unmanned Aircraft Sys (C-sUAS) Tech

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Description: This effort investigates, designs, and develops novel capabilities that aid in the detection, tracking, identification, mitigation, and/or defeat of small unmanned aerial systems (sUAS) groups 1-3. FY 2027 Plans: C-sUAS Deny and Defeat Tech: Extended Range C-sUAS (XRC) will optimize novel propulsion concepts for extended range CsUAS efforts through component evaluation and test data analysis; mature modeling and simulation technology for independent performance prediction and evaluation capabilities; continue development of seeker technology to meet long range missile intercept requirements and small form factor constraints; High Volume C-sUAS (HVC) will investigate critical component technology designs to address low cost, deep magazine, small form factor C-sUAS missile systems; Assess technology readiness of low size weight and power (SWAP) industry components (guidance and electronics, controls, and warhead); develop technology maturation plans for relevant industry offerings for high volume C-sUAS efforts requiring further development; develop high volume modeling and simulation environment for industry effector assessment; work with industry to mature small form factor seeker designs accounting for relevant flight conditions AUGUR Shield: Counter-Frequency: Will mature Augur Shield hardware for implementation and assessment of developed artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML) algorithms in outdoor conditions; examine options for form factor reduction; modify state of the art (SOA) algorithm implementations to increase compute efficiency; optimize AI/ML techniques for spectrum segmentation, anomaly detection, and signal characterization at the edge on low-size, weight, and power (SWaP) compute hardware through quantization aware training and model pruning; investigate methods for enabling intelligent software agents on-platform autonomous system reasoning components to interpret multimodal sensor feeds for AI-enabled signal segmentation, threat detection, and sensor fusion; train custom foundation models for automated identification of adversarial intent from minimal signature footprint and counter-UAS behavioral analysis; experiment with passive-radio frequency (RF) detection of counter-UAS at operationally relevant environments such as the Combat Training Centers and Southern Border. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding increase reflects realignment within this project for technology supporting C-sUAS high volume capability focused on increased magazine depth and strategic reallocation of resources to support evolving priorities and objectives. Funding increase also supports the development of a low-cost wide band RF spectrum sensor and RF environment anomaly detection scheme to detect UAS.
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	-	12.618	26.523

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army		Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602135A / Counter Small Unmanned A erial Systems (C-SUAS) Applied Research	Project (Number/Name) A31 / Counter Small Unmanned Aircraft Sys (C-sUAS) Tech

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions) Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040: Research, Development, Test & Evaluation, Army / BA 2: Applied Research	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602141A / Lethality Technology
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
Total Program Element	-	126.660	176.157	232.046	-	232.046	113.331	109.590	120.328	121.562	Continuing	Continuing
AH6: Disruptive Energetics and Propulsion Technologies	-	9.526	5.019	27.646	-	27.646	19.495	17.713	18.029	17.360	0.000	114.788
AH7: Lethal and Scalable Effects Technologies	-	1.542	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Continuing	Continuing
AH8: Lethality Materials and Processes Technology	-	1.877	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	1.877
AH9: Advanced Warheads Technology	-	25.274	27.597	26.209	-	26.209	28.095	29.107	35.315	35.664	0.000	207.261
BS6: Lethality Technology (CA)	-	34.000	79.000	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	113.000
CF7: Solid-state Laser Concepts and Architectures	-	8.820	7.841	-	-	-	4.986	5.118	5.208	5.260	0.000	37.233
CF8: Terminal Effects Against Critical Targets Tech	-	1.418	5.138	5.908	-	5.908	3.697	2.453	4.157	4.199	0.000	26.970
CG4: Advanced Radar Concepts and Technologies	-	8.124	10.588	14.293	-	14.293	11.425	8.465	8.564	8.650	0.000	70.109
CI1: Advanced Armaments Lethality Technology	-	3.213	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	3.213
CIA: Applied Armaments Tech for Distributed Lethality	-	-	0.008	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	0.008
CIB: Sensor to Shooter (STS) Applied Research	-	7.321	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	7.321
CIC: Fire Control Lethality Technology	-	2.850	1.472	1.483	-	1.483	1.823	1.492	1.951	2.856	0.000	13.927
CJ1: Lethality Enabling University Applied Research	-	7.514	3.566	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	11.080
CJ7: Future Air Defense Missile Enabling Tech	-	4.462	4.289	120.730	-	120.730	3.928	5.886	6.552	6.617	0.000	152.464
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040: Research, Development, Test & Evaluation, Army / BA 2: Applied Research	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602141A / Lethality Technology
CZ9: Foundational Hypersonic Weapons Research	-	10.719	11.205	15.155	-	15.155	18.253	17.715	17.923	18.101	0.000	109.071
DN6: Science of Massed Responsive Fires	-	-	20.434	20.622	-	20.622	21.629	21.641	22.629	22.855	0.000	129.810

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

Work done in this Program Element (PE) supports research technologies, methodologies, and models required to enable next generation lethality. The effort focuses

FY 2025FY 202620.0004.000-

on: lethal mechanism technologies for projectiles and warheads that provide revolutionary capability to defeat Tier 1 adversary vehicle and body armors; selection of

propulsion and energetic materials and technology to validate novel energetic materials concepts to exploit controllable energy release for future gun/missile systems; scalable effects for mixed target defeat while simultaneously decreasing warhead mass; development of materials solutions for improvement of weight and volume

efficiency, lethal effects and sustainability for the warfighter in the Army of today and beyond; and multiple pathways to enhance lethal effects by investigating synergistic effects of novel micro warheads using advanced materials. Funding in this PE is a continuation of work done in PEs 0602105A (Materials Technology), 0602618A

(Ballistics Technology), and 0602624A (Weapons and Munitions Technology).

Work in this PE complements PEs 0602147A (Long Range Precision Fires Technology), 0602150A (Air and Missile Defense Technology), 0602143A (Soldier Lethality Technology), 0602144A (Ground Technology), 0602145A (Next Generation Combat Vehicle Technology), and 0603116A (Lethality Advanced Technology).

FY 2025 FY 2026 FY 2027 Base FY 2027 OOC FY 2027 Total B. Program Change Summary ($ in Millions)

Previous President's Budget 128.659 97.157 0.000 -0.000 Current President's Budget 126.660 176.157 232.046 -232.046 Total Adjustments -1.999 79.000 232.046 -232.046

• Congressional General Reductions --

• Congressional Directed Reductions --

• Congressional Rescissions --• Congressional Adds 34.000 79.000

• Congressional Directed Transfers --

• Reprogrammings -33.747 -

• SBIR/STTR Transfer -2.252 -

• Adjustments to Budget Years --232.046 -232.046 Congressional Add Details ($ in Millions, and Includes General Reductions)

Project: BS6: Lethality Technology (CA)

Congressional Add: Advanced materials and manufacturing for modernization

Congressional Add: Additive manufacturing for missile application

PE 0602141A: Lethality Technology UNCLASSIFIED

Volume 1b - 14

Army Page 2 of 39 R-1 Line #10

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040: Research, Development, Test & Evaluation, Army / BA 2: Applied Research	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602141A / Lethality Technology
Congressional Add Details ($ in Millions, and Includes General Reductions) Congressional Add: Advanced materials and manufacturing for hypersonic systems Congressional Add: Assured AI-based autonomous rescue missions Congressional Add: Carbon composites for hypersonic weapons Congressional Add: Ceramic Protection Materials Congressional Add: Expand Industrial Base For Energetic Material Chemistries And Synthesis Technologies Congressional Add: Materials For Advanced Propulsion [Map] Congressional Add: Powder metallurgical processing Congressional Add: Precision artillery launched inertial navigation system Congressional Add: University cyber security and critical infrastructure Congressional Add: Upgrade Helicopter Identify Friend Or Foe [Iff] Congressional Add Subtotals for Project: BS6 Congressional Add Totals for all Projects	FY 2025	FY 2026
6.000	9.000
4.000	-
-	7.500
-	2.500
-	7.000
-	3.500
-	1.000
-	5.000
-	20.000
-	3.500
34.000	79.000
34.000	79.000

Change Summary Explanation

FY 2027 funding increase reflects the fact that the FY 2026 President's Budget request did not include out-year funding.

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602141A / Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) AH6 / Disruptive Energetics and Propulsion Technologies
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
AH6: Disruptive Energetics and Propulsion Technologies	-	9.526	5.019	27.646	-	27.646	19.495	17.713	18.029	17.360	0.000	114.788

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project investigates, models, and assesses energetic material and propulsion technologies to validate novel concepts such as maximizing total energy density

and power delivered on target. This project also optimizes propellant grains for increased range and altering gun configurations to increase energy on target in order to

exploit the controllable/scalable energy release required for improving effectiveness and reducing vulnerability of future gun/missile systems.

Work in this project complements Program Element (PE) 0601102A (Defense Research Sciences) / Project AA7 (Mechanics and Ballistics), PE 0602141A (Lethality Technology) / Project AH7 (Lethality and Scalable Effects Technologies), PE 0602141A (Lethality Technology) / Project AH8 (Lethality Materials and Processes Technology), and PE 0602144A (Ground Technology) / Project BL1 (Materials and Manufacturing Research Technology)

Work in this project is performed by the Army Research Laboratory (ARL) and Chemical Biological Center (CBC).

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Synthesis, Formulation, Modeling, and Diagnostics of Energetic Materials for Explosive and Propellant Applications Description: This effort pursues novel approaches to synthesize and scale up disruptive and traditional energetic materials with increased performance as well as design new formulation avenues in order to discover new materials and formulations to extend range and increase effect on target. This effort develops, codes, and subsequently employs advanced models to predict multiscale response of energetic materials for both propellant and explosive purposes. This effort develops new simulation and small scale experimental methods and techniques for understanding and design of advanced concepts and energetic formulations to rapidly iterate and optimize parameters for increased range and enhanced lethality. This effort also investigates new propellants and grain designs, burn rate/combustion modifier ingredients, as well as new gun and munition designs for extended range. FY 2026 Plans: Will design a optimized process to evaluate synthetic biology cellulose precursor materials and follow on nitrocellulose synthesis; develop scaled up formulations of novel energetic materials, plasticizers, polymers, and fuels for characterization and performance assessment; complete assessment of candidate reactive materials for munition applications and transition; refine coarse-grain mesoscale models and couple to continuum level modeling capability for non-homogeneous systems; develop advanced processing techniques for manufacturing of propellant and explosive munition formulations; develop machine learning models for rapid prediction of performance and survivability of novel materials. FY 2027 Plans:	9.526	5.019	4.989

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602141A / Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) AH6 / Disruptive Energetics and Propulsion Technologies

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Will develop advanced materials and formulations containing energetic materials, energetic formulation ingredients, and metallic fuels for enhanced lethality and extended range; develop novel analytic techniques to accelerate screening of high performing materials and transition to government and industrial partners; apply coarse-grain methodologies to candidate formulations of non-homogeneous systems; assess reactive materials concepts for unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) defeat; develop machine learning models for prediction of formulation performance and response to injury. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease is an economic adjustment.
Title: Synthetic Biomanufactured Energetics Description: This effort designs and develops novel approaches to synthesize and scale up disruptive and traditional energetic materials derived from biological systems and biomanufacturing methods. Determines advanced processing techniques and scale up processes for manufacturing of synthetic energetics produced from biological systems. Develops formulations of energetic materials, plasticizers, polymers, and fuels for characterization and performance assessment for munitions applications. Funds research and investigation of emerging biotechnology feedstocks including cellulose as alternatives for traditional feedstocks for propellants and energetics. Validates synthesis, processing, nitration processes of alternative feedstocks to understand their properties and optimize them for Army propellent applications. FY 2027 Plans: Will mature biological synthesis and biomanufacturing to produce multi-kilogram quantities of energetic materials for formulation assessments; design and develop AI models for additional bio-reachable precursors for advanced energetics applications; begin conducting experiments for scale-up of next precursor molecule; designs and develops bio manufactured processes of energetic material to support scale-up and transition to defense base industry partners; investigate and determine additional biologically produced energetic precursor materials for scalability to support multi-kilogram quantities; mature biologically derived cellulose synthesis conditions for optimal purity, crystallinity, and fiber morphology and refine nitrating conditions for biologically derived cellulose to obtain nitrocellulose; determine impact of biologically derived nitrocellulose fibers on processing and performance of nitrocellulose propellants; investigate cellulose production from down selected candidates and synthetic biology routes for improved yield and quality; conduct experiments with artificial intelligence (AI) modeling to mature bacterial strains for higher production and ideal cellulose characterization. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding increase reflects additional research in both AI/ML modeling for laboratory research to mature production conditions of novel biologically-derived precursor material beyond cellulose. Funding increase supports investigation and development of formulations of biologically-derived nitrocellulose material as an additional source for nitrocellulose military-based applications.	-	-	22.657
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	9.526	5.019	27.646

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602141A / Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) AH6 / Disruptive Energetics and Propulsion Technologies

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602141A / Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) AH7 / Lethal and Scalable Effects Technologies
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
AH7: Lethal and Scalable Effects Technologies	-	1.542	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	Continuing	Continuing

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

Work in this project designs, determines, and assesses technology options for scaling warhead lethality and providing extreme efficiency for highly effective,

simultaneous mixed/multi target defeat and collateral damage. This project will also design and assess scalable structure defeat to mitigate collateral damage for

disruptive urban Warfighting.

Work in this project complements project AH6 (Disruptive Energetics and Propulsion Technologies) within this PE and builds upon disruptive energetic and ballistic sciences research in PE 0601102A (Defense Research Sciences) / Project AA7 (Mechanics and Ballistics).

Work in this project is performed by the Army Research Laboratory (ARL).

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Munition Efficiency and Scalability Description: This effort investigates, designs, determines, and assesses technologies to produce blast-fragment warheads with tailored fragment geometries to optimize target defeat. This effort identifies and develops warhead impact patterns to optimize target defeat with reduced collateral damage. This effort also designs, models, and assesses technologies for the cost effective, preprogrammed delivery of multiple scalable warheads capable of simultaneously engaging multiple targets. This effort leverages guidance technologies from PE 0602147A (Long Range Precision Fires) / Project AH4 (Precision and Coop Weapons in a Denied Env Tech), and metal additive manufacturing from PE 0602144A (Ground Technology) / Project BL1 (Materials and Manufacturing Research Technology).	1.542	-	-
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	1.542	-	-

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602141A / Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) AH8 / Lethality Materials and Processes Technology
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
AH8: Lethality Materials and Processes Technology	-	1.877	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	1.877

Note

Project completed earlier than planned because of the accelerated transition of novel topology toolsets for gun charges in small-scale experiments.

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

Work in this project designs, determines, and assesses innovative materials solutions aimed at achieving leap ahead increases in lethality and weapons effectiveness through improvements in weight and volume efficiency, lethal effects, and sustainability of military systems.

This research complements Program Element (PE) 0602141A (Lethality Technology) / Project AH6 (Disruptive Energetics and Propulsion Technology) and Project AH7 (Lethal and Scalable Effects Technologies), and PE 0602147A (Long Range Precision Fires Technology) / AH4 (Precision and Cooperative Weapons in a Denied Environment) and builds upon and ballistic sciences research in PE 0601102A (Defense Research Sciences) / Project AA7 (Mechanics and Ballistics).

Work in this project is performed by the Army Research Laboratory (ARL).

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Materials for Advanced Lethality Description: This effort researches innovative materials aimed at achieving leap-ahead increases in lethality and weapons effectiveness through improvements in weight and volume efficiency, lethal effects, and sustainability of military systems that can only be achieved through advances in materials technology.	1.877	-	-
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	1.877	-	-

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602141A / Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) AH9 / Advanced Warheads Technology
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
AH9: Advanced Warheads Technology	-	25.274	27.597	26.209	-	26.209	28.095	29.107	35.315	35.664	0.000	207.261

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project explores multiple pathways to enhance lethal efforts for future warheads against emerging peer/near peer target sets and investigates synergistic effects

of novel micro warheads using advanced materials. This project investigates innovative energetic materials and novel processing techniques for the next generation of

explosives and propulsion applications to enable an increase in range, lethality, and utility of munitions. It also directly supports Army Modernization Priorities through

researching and developing energetic (propellant) technologies and processes for increased performance, expanded operation temperature bounds, and improved

safety and environmental compliance of missile systems.

Work in this project complements Program Element (PE) 0602145A (Next Generation Combat Vehicle Technology) / Project BK5 (Adv Direct In-Direct Armament Sys (ADIDAS) Tech) and PE 0603464A (Long Range Precision Fires Advanced Technology) / Project CE9 (Armaments Advanced Technology).

Work in this project is performed by the Armaments Center.

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Advanced Pyrotechnics Description: This effort investigates compositions, components, and technologies to provide novel pyrotechnic formulations and devices to increase overall system performance and survivability. Coordinates research, strategic assessments and development of novel pyrotechnic technologies that will enable disruptive capabilities for Multidomain Operations. FY 2026 Plans: Will investigate and develop novel pyrotechnic materials, components, and configurations to extend shelf life and operate in extreme temperatures; determine performance benefits, yield, and safety by maturing design components and operation of the automation of pyrotechnic processes and procedures; investigate the function of pyrotechnic primers for improved initiation and advanced igniters including alternate igniter formulations; determines performance of precision self-destruct pyrotechnic components. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects realignment within the project to Next Generation Energetics and Warheads Applied Tech effort.	2.703	3.218	-
Title: Next Generation Warheads Technology	10.367	11.411	-

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602141A / Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) AH9 / Advanced Warheads Technology

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Description: This effort designs novel warheads and lethal mechanisms for advanced payload concepts in current and future armaments. Develops methodologies to produce conventional, non-conventional, distributed, and synergistic effects and lethality in warhead payloads through advanced designs, materials, modeling, and manufacturing processes. FY 2026 Plans: Will conduct experiments of reactive materials for blast augmentation and increased lethality through novel material formulations and validation of performance characteristics for updated equations of state; mature advanced modeling techniques to enhance shaped charge performance, explosively formed penetrators, and advanced fragmentation lethal mechanisms; design and develop concepts for armor defeat, combined effects warheads, modular payloads, and behind armor effects for multiple payload sizes; design and develop warhead component designs for survivability in high-g and other extreme environments. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects realignment within the project to Next Generation Energetics and Warheads Applied Tech effort.
Title: Next Generation Energetics Technology Description: This effort designs and develops energetics in support of increased lethality and range and seeks to reduce operational and safety risk. The effort will focus on the following areas related to energetics: additive manufacturing, tailorable outputs, survivability in extreme environments, and advanced processing techniques. FY 2026 Plans: Will further the design and development of enhanced explosive fills through gradients and novel high performing materials; design and develop distributed energetic initiation, novel gun propulsion, and embedded ignition for additive and advanced manufacturing technologies; increase lethal systems' capabilities through investigation of energetic materials, including\ high energy propulsion technologies and high energy explosives; further investigate energetic materials for extreme cold, extreme heat, high pressure, and extreme set-back conditions, validate benefits of applying continuous flow reactors and advanced mixing technologies for energetic materials. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects realignment within the project to Next Generation Energetics and Warheads Applied Tech effort.	12.204	12.968	-
Title: Next Generation Energetics and Warheads Applied Tech Description: This effort investigates and designs advanced pyrotechnic formulations, warhead payloads, and energetics technologies to enhance lethality, survivability, and range while reducing operational risks. The effort funds research and strategic assessments to enable disruptive capabilities for Multidomain Operations through advanced materials, manufacturing processes, and tailored outputs.	-	-	23.209

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602141A / Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) AH9 / Advanced Warheads Technology

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
FY 2027 Plans: Will design and develop novel pyrotechnic components and configurations to extend shelf life, improve safety, and enable aerial denial capabilities, while investigating advanced igniters and precision self-destruct components; develop and validate advanced modeling and simulation techniques to enhance shaped charge performance, explosively formed penetrators, and fragmentation mechanisms for lethal uncrewed systems, counter-UAS, anti-armor, and mobility operations; mature explosive and propulsion technologies to increase lethality and range; investigate the utility of new energetics for unmanned systems. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: This is not a new start. Funding increase reflects the consolidation of other ongoing efforts within this project from Advanced Pyrotechnics, Next Generation Warheads Technology, and Next Generation Energetics Technology to support the creation of Next Generation Energetics and Warheads Applied Tech. Funding increase supports focused energetic investments advancing armament lethality in the tactical battlespace and collaborates with leading uncrewed systems industry partners to shorten development timelines.
Title: Blast Over Pressure (BOP) Toolkit Description: This effort designs novel warheads and lethal mechanisms for advanced payload concepts in current and future armaments. Develops methodologies to produce conventional, non-conventional, distributed, and synergistic effects and lethality in warhead payloads through advanced designs, materials, modeling, and manufacturing processes. FY 2027 Plans: Will develop an advanced physics and chemistry-based modeling tool by incorporating chemical kinetics modeling into the next generation computational fluid dynamics-based interior ballistics solver. Will conduct experiments to validate the ballistics solver tool in predicting blast overpressure. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding increase reflects the strategic realignment of resources to support evolving priorities and objectives.	-	-	3.000
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	25.274	27.597	26.209

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602141A / Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) BS6 / Lethality Technology (CA)
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
BS6: Lethality Technology (CA)	-	34.000	79.000	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	113.000

Note

Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Lethality Technology.

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Lethality Technology.

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026
Congressional Add: Advanced materials and manufacturing for modernization FY 2025 Accomplishments: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Advanced materials and manufacturing for modernization FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Advanced materials and manufacturing for modernization	20.000	20.000
Congressional Add: Additive manufacturing for missile application FY 2025 Accomplishments: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Additive manufacturing for missile application	4.000	-
Congressional Add: Advanced materials and manufacturing for hypersonic systems FY 2025 Accomplishments: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Advanced materials and manufacturing for hypersonic systems FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Advanced materials and manufacturing for hypersonic systems	6.000	9.000
Congressional Add: Assured AI-based autonomous rescue missions FY 2025 Accomplishments: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Assured AI-based autonomous rescue missions	4.000	-
Congressional Add: Carbon composites for hypersonic weapons FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Carbon composites for hypersonic weapons	-	7.500
Congressional Add: Ceramic Protection Materials	-	2.500

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602141A / Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) BS6 / Lethality Technology (CA)

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026
FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Ceramic Protection Materials
Congressional Add: Expand Industrial Base For Energetic Material Chemistries And Synthesis Technologies FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Expand Industrial Base For Energetic Material Chemistries And Synthesis Technologies	-	7.000
Congressional Add: Materials For Advanced Propulsion [Map] FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Materials For Advanced Propulsion [Map]	-	3.500
Congressional Add: Powder metallurgical processing FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Powder metallurgical processing	-	1.000
Congressional Add: Precision artillery launched inertial navigation system FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Precision artillery launched inertial navigation system	-	5.000
Congressional Add: University cyber security and critical infrastructure FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for University cyber security and critical infrastructure	-	20.000
Congressional Add: Upgrade Helicopter Identify Friend Or Foe [Iff] FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Upgrade Helicopter Identify Friend Or Foe [Iff]	-	3.500
Congressional Adds Subtotals	34.000	79.000

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602141A / Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) CF7 / Solid-state Laser Concepts and Architectures
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
CF7: Solid-state Laser Concepts and Architectures	-	8.820	7.841	-	-	-	4.986	5.118	5.208	5.260	0.000	37.233

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project provides the research and development of advanced solid-state laser materials and architectures to support the Army Directed Energy Strategy for laser-

based directed energy (DE) weapons. This project investigates advanced laser technologies based on unconventional solid-state laser concepts and designs, scalable

and intelligent power modules, and advanced thermal management systems for the development of less complex, low size, weight, and power (SWaP) Army DE

weapons and tactical lasers with much improved capabilities.

Work in this project complements Program Element (PE) 0603466A (Air and Missile Defense Technology) / Project CV6 (Optimized High Energy Laser Source Adv Tech).

Work in this project is performed by the Army Research Laboratory (ARL).

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: High Energy Laser (HEL) Enabling Technologies for Tactical Directed Energy Weapons Description: Investigate novel solid-state laser concepts, architectures, and components in support of the Army's HEL weapons strategy. Develop innovative laser gain materials with much improved spectral, thermal, thermo-mechanical, and thermo-optical properties. Develop increased power while reducing size and weight, and complexity of all HEL components. FY 2026 Plans: Will design and mature integrated concept of directly diode-pumped advanced fiber laser based on down-selected technology, with 10x power scaling ceiling versus conventional ytterbium (Yb)-doped fiber lasers; investigate all necessary custom-made design components, including pump combiners and fiber gratings; mature design components to handle increased power requirements. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects strategic reallocation of resources to support evolving priorities and objectives. FY 2027 is a skip year for this effort.	2.188	2.252	-
Title: Advanced High Energy Laser Technology Description: Investigate power scaling strategies for advanced solid-state lasers through the exploitation of the unique properties of advanced materials to develop higher power lasers with lower size, weight, and power requirements. This effort funds research to maximize output power towards theoretical limits, design and develop scalable power conversion with intelligent control for	6.632	5.589	-

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602141A / Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) CF7 / Solid-state Laser Concepts and Architectures

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
improved efficiency and resiliency, and designs and develops an optimized preliminary design fiber laser to best serve the purpose of power scaling analysis toward 5 kW and 50 kW of output power. Effort will also assess scaled 50 kW power and thermal concepts. FY 2026 Plans: Will continue to investigate power scaling toward 50 kW fiber laser using surrogate pumps; design and mature power scalable fibers with added suppression of parasitic processes and targeting pure single-mode operation toward 50 kW output power goal; determine the necessary laser master oscillator-power amplifier design optimizations to enable power scaling toward single aperture with kW output power; investigate energetic performance of thermal management systems and assess power delivery and thermal management efficacies across relevant time and size scales. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects strategic reallocation of resources to support evolving priorities and objectives. FY 2027 is a skip year for this effort.
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	8.820	7.841	-

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602141A / Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) CF8 / Terminal Effects Against Critical Targets Tech
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
CF8: Terminal Effects Against Critical Targets Tech	-	1.418	5.138	5.908	-	5.908	3.697	2.453	4.157	4.199	0.000	26.970

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project designs and develops engineering tools and high-fidelity modeling and simulation capabilities for materials and structural response to predict and enhance

weapons performance to ensure lethality against structures and critical assets. Through dynamic impact experiments for a broad range of velocities against conventional

and advanced structural materials, this project develops engineering tools and technologies to rapidly evaluate and predict weapon performance. Computational

chemistry will be utilized to explore potential prediction and optimization pathways of high-energy density material formulations.

Work in this project complements Program Element (PE) 0603116A (Lethality Advanced Technology) / Project CH5 (Terminal Effects Against Critical Targets Adv Tech).

Work in this project is performed by the United States Engineer Research and Development Center Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory.

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Adaptive Technologies for Advanced Weapons Description: Develops and validates the capability to predict terminal weapons effects for new advanced warheads and weapon systems with initial operational capabilities past FY 2025 against geomaterials, structures, and other critical assets. FY 2026 Plans: Will conduct lab and scaled experiments of new and existing advanced munitions against critical targets and target materials; will investigate and mature high fidelity numerical modeling to support the development and validation of fast running engineering tools to predict warhead capabilities and effects against critical logistical targets; will investigate and develop fast-running predictive tools for the weapons effect from hypersonic warheads on structures and critical targets. FY 2027 Plans: Will conduct experiments of new advanced munitions against critical targets and target materials. Will develop fast-running engineering tools to predict weapons effects on critical logistical targets. Will investigate and develop model generation and support tools for critical logistical targets. Will develop and mature fast-running weapons effects predictive tools for hypersonic warheads on structures and critical targets. Will develop and mature fast-running weapon effects tools for predicting advanced blast effects in complex environments for new warhead and explosives technologies. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement:	1.018	5.138	4.069

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602141A / Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) CF8 / Terminal Effects Against Critical Targets Tech

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Funding decrease reflects completion of lab and scaled experiments of new and existing advanced munitions against critical targets and target materials.
Title: Computational Chemistry Prediction of Influence of CL-20 Polymorphism on Energetic Formulations Description: This task will develop and validate an experimental workflow leveraging Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning algorithms informed by Density Functional Theory (DFT) and Molecular Dynamics (MD) to accelerate the optimization of material formulations and ideal processing conditions that maintain high-energy density. The research will focus on identifying key mixture properties, analyzing the impact of processing conditions, and determining molecular interactions that influence energy density in final formulations. Novel algorithms will be developed that identify optimized solvent processing combinations and potential polymer coatings that maximize energy density. Down selected combinations will be validated by laboratory experiments. FY 2027 Plans: Will validate formulation prediction models to forecast structural properties and compare predictions against actual measurements of final formulation quality and performance. Will advance and validate formulation comparisons enabling the refinement of models and the down selection of polymer coatings, processing conditions, and solvent/plasticizer combinations through targeted laboratory testing. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Increase will validate prediction models to advance optimal CL-20 formulations.	0.400	-	1.839
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	1.418	5.138	5.908

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

N/A

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602141A / Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) CG4 / Advanced Radar Concepts and Technologies
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
CG4: Advanced Radar Concepts and Technologies	-	8.124	10.588	14.293	-	14.293	11.425	8.465	8.564	8.650	0.000	70.109

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project conducts experiments on single crystal diamond and diamond hetero-structure semiconductor materials, layered structures, and novel devices for Diamond

Electronics and integrated photonics structures and devices for Radar, Communications, and improved Size, Weight, and Power (SWaP) Department of War systems.

Efforts include multiscale modeling, material and structure growth and characterization, and novel device design and fabrication as well as two-dimensional (2-D)

electronics for bio-inspired neuromorphic sensors, processors, and memory. This research has application to radars, communication systems, electronic warfare,

directed energy, electronics for hypersonic systems, radiation hard systems, quantum sensing, and others. This project directly supports Air and Missile Defense

modernization priority capabilities by investigating essential component technologies for insertion into Multi-Mission Army Radar systems. This project addresses the

challenges of integrating new materials into Silicon Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) processing flows, and electronics reliability including protection

against unintended adversarial use of state-of-the-art semiconductor materials, devices, and systems for Air and Missile Defense in contested environments.

Work in this project complements Program Element (PE) 0603466A (Air and Missile Defense Advanced Technology) Project AD6 (Next Generation Fires Radar Advanced Technology).

Work in this project is performed by the Army Research Laboratory (ARL) and Command, Control, Computers, Communications, Cyber, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C5ISR) Center.

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Antennas and Radio Frequency (RF) Device Components for Advanced Electronic Systems Description: Conduct experiments into novel diamond material and silicon photonic device structures operable in the RF electromagnetic spectrum with high radiated power density for increased radar range and better target detection, improved efficiency of communications systems, smaller SWaP for electronics/cooling of autonomous systems, high temperature electronics for hypersonics, and radiation hardened electronics. FY 2026 Plans: Will investigate design for RF electronic interposer integration architectures to control chip-scale beamformer photonic circuitry; investigate the response function of topological materials and device designs; advance in-house growth of intrinsic and boron-doped diamond epitaxial layers and utilize it to develop robust, low resistance contacts in diamond field-effect transistors (FETs); implement multi-finger designs and larger probe pitch layouts to improve impedance matching and achieve larger power output	5.088	3.704	4.265

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602141A / Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) CG4 / Advanced Radar Concepts and Technologies

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
performance of diamond FETs; employ new atomic layer deposition capabilities to improve the chemical and electrical stability of the acceptor layer doping of diamond. FY 2027 Plans: Will design and integrate photonic beamforming chip with RF circuitry to build true-time-delay based phased array antenna; explore free-space optical link concepts for RF synchronization; investigate non-linear conductivity in quantum materials for frequency conversion and rectification for passive and near-passive device concepts; improve RF diamond field-effect transistors (FET) power density using multi-finger designs, increased device periphery, and advanced gate dielectric and acceptor layer components; model and design device and amplifier circuits to create diamond RF power amplifiers based on diamond FETs. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding increase reflects additional research in diamond RF power amplifiers based on diamond FETs.
Title: Distributed Radar Architectures Description: This research seeks to validate critical functions and perform proof-of-concept laboratory experimentation to develop phase synchronous, coordinated radar and multi-function effects that enable distributed, global positioning system (GPS)independent, autonomous capabilities. This effort validates critical synchronized distributed networked sensor functions and novel signal processing methods. This effort validates advanced antenna designs for low size, weight, power and cost (SWAP-C), multifunction systems. FY 2026 Plans: Will design and fabricate a 5-node receiver network based on FY 2025 benchmark testing that is suitable for field experiments; will conduct field experiments to assess the performance of the receiver network and identify areas of needed improvement; assess internode synchronization and radar signal processing techniques; design and fabricate revised receivers that are packaged and ruggedized for future capstone field experiment; refine position calculation algorithm for a 5-node received network; assess and model multi-static radar techniques with varying synchronization performance. FY 2027 Plans: Will migrate distributed radio frequency (RF) algorithms onto low-SWaP computers capable of combining distributed radar returns for enhanced detection of airborne threats; conduct experiments using a multi-node receiver network using the packaged and ruggedized hardware from the previous year; assess and report on the performance of a coordinated/distributed receiver to detect moving airborne targets in a survivable distributed architecture; investigate novel techniques for using alternate emitter sources to detect and locate moving airborne targets. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement:	1.507	3.901	3.900

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602141A / Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) CG4 / Advanced Radar Concepts and Technologies

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Funding decrease is an economic adjustment.
Title: Radar Digital Twin (EXHILARAMA) Description: This effort researches, designs, and develops a radar digital engineering environment, virtual prototype radar system architecture, and component technology to address next generation radar requirements, and quantifies performance through rapid persistent modeling and simulation. FY 2026 Plans: Will design Digital Engineering- based virtual capability from emerging state-of-the-art hardware and software identified in the trade study; conduct initial virtual experiments and quantify performance of advanced radar capabilities. FY 2027 Plans: Will develop hardware designs that demonstrate system feasibility within an operationally relevant virtual environment. Will refine and assess system designs through virtual experiments quantifying performance of advanced radar hardware capabilities. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding increase supports planned system architecture and hardware design build activities following successful initial virtual experiments and trade study results.	1.529	2.983	6.128
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	8.124	10.588	14.293

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602141A / Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) CI1 / Advanced Armaments Lethality Technology
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
CI1: Advanced Armaments Lethality Technology	-	3.213	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	3.213

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project designs and develops novel armament systems concepts and enabling technologies in weapons, munitions, and fire control, in order to advance range and

accuracy capabilities.

Work in this project is performed by the Armaments Center (AC).

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Advanced Armaments Lethality Technology Description: This project designs and develops novel armament systems concepts and enabling technologies in weapons, munitions, and fire control required to enable and dominate Multi Domain Operations (MDO). This includes advancing state of the art armament system technologies to provide overmatch against current and future threats.	3.213	-	-
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	3.213	-	-

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602141A / Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) CIA / Applied Armaments Tech for Distributed Lethality
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete		Total Cost
CIA: Applied Armaments Tech for Distributed Lethality	-	-	0.008	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000		0.008

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project investigates technologies that holistically maximize armament performance, minimize target engagement timelines, reduce crew workloads, enhance

responsiveness and enable collaborative lethal effectiveness on target across distributed platforms & missions. This project researches cross caliber weapon, munition

& fire-control technologies to enhance Remote Weapon Systems (RWS) responsiveness and single or combined platform lethality in Multi-Domain Operations (MDO)

environments.

Work in this project is performed by the Armaments Center.

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Platform Agnostic Armaments Applied Tech Description: This effort designs and develops technologies that enables platform performance by increasing range without degrading accuracy, reducing size, weight, and power and impact to lighter platforms, enhancing weapon, munitions, fire control, & agnostic remote weapon automation tech to reduce the kill chain timeline. This effort enables Army Modernization and Multi-Domain Operations (MDOs) in support of the Army's future and planned vehicles. FY 2026 Plans: Will transition support to provide enhanced capabilities to foster innovation and accelerate deployment of promising technology. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects completion of this effort.	-	0.008	-
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	-	0.008	-

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602141A / Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) CIB / Sensor to Shooter (STS) Applied Research
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
CIB: Sensor to Shooter (STS) Applied Research	-	7.321	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	7.321

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project designs and develops advanced algorithms for sensor to shooter decision aids and incorporates predictive tools and permissive airspace capabilities to

reduce the sensor to shooter timeline and effects execution. Investigate technologies for enabling multi-sensor fusion for collaborative tracking of multi-theater threat

tracks to enable tactical target engagement and counter fires across threat flight timeline.

Work in this project complements Program Element (PE) 0603116A (Lethality Advanced Technology) / Project CID (Sensor to Shooter (STS) Advanced Technology).

Work in this project supports Next Generation Combat Vehicle, Tactical Network, Future Vertical Lift, and Long-Range Precision Fires Army Modernization Priorities.

Work in this project is performed by the Armaments Center, Command, Control, Communication, Computers, Cyber, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C5ISR) Center, and United States Army Space and Missile Defense Technical Center.

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Lethal Effects Architecture for Decision Synchronization Technology Description: This effort designs and develops advanced adaptive algorithms and architectures to improve threat prediction, reduce the sensor to shooter timeline, and enhance airspace deconfliction in support of Large-Scale Combat Operations in a dynamic multi-domain environment.	5.673	-	-
Title: C-SR QC2 Description: Investigates, designs and develops counter-surveillance and reconnaissance queing command and control (QC2) solutions to determine optimal threat engagement in support of Large-Scale Combat Operations in a joint all-domain command and control environment.	1.648	-	-
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	7.321	-	-

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602141A / Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) CIB / Sensor to Shooter (STS) Applied Research

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602141A / Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) CIC / Fire Control Lethality Technology
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
CIC: Fire Control Lethality Technology	-	2.850	1.472	1.483	-	1.483	1.823	1.492	1.951	2.856	0.000	13.927

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

Work in this project researches, investigates and develops concepts for common open architecture fire control systems to maximize distributed armament systems

performance. Researches fire control architecture framework and protocols utilizing artificial intelligence and machine learning to minimize target engagement timelines,

reduce cognitive processes, and enable collaborative lethal effectiveness on target across weapon platforms. Develops modular fire control concepts enabling safe,

lethal, and agile integration of current systems to engage emerging threats and decrease system vulnerabilities for maximize performance and combined arms effects.

Work in this project complements Program Element (PE) 0602141A Lethality Technology/ Applied Armaments Tech for Distributed Lethality, PE 0603462A Next Generation Combat Vehicle Advanced Technology/ Next Generation Intelligent Fire Control, and PE 0602183A Air Platform Applied Research/ Airborne Threat Defeat

Work in this project is performed by the Armaments Center.

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Future Fire Control Tech (F2CT) Description: This effort designs and develops fire control technologies to increase interoperability and improve performance across future distributed armament systems. This effort designs and develops novel components, algorithms, and architectures necessary for future fire control systems.	2.850	-	-
Title: Fire Control Lethality Technology Description: This effort designs and develops fire control technologies to increase interoperability and improve performance across future distributed armament systems. This effort designs and develops novel components, algorithms, and architectures necessary for future fire control systems. FY 2026 Plans: Will investigate platform-agnostic software designs for engagements, stabilization, armament state management, and intelligent systems. FY 2027 Plans: Will investigate formation-based lethality fire control concepts for cross-platform interoperability for improved engagement accuracy and lethality; investigate sensor data characterization for novel threat detection and recognition to accelerate fire control processing and reduce Soldier burden. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement:	-	1.472	1.483

PE 0602141A: Lethality TechnologyUNCLASSIFIEDArmyPage 26 of 39R-1 Line #10Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 ArmyDate: April 2026Appropriation/Budget Activity2040 / 2R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)PE 0602141A / Lethality TechnologyProject (Number/Name)CIC / Fire Control Lethality Technology

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Funding increase reflects investigation shift from platform-agnostic software designs to formation-based lethality fire control concepts.
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	2.850	1.472	1.483

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602141A / Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) CJ1 / Lethality Enabling University Applied Research
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
CJ1: Lethality Enabling University Applied Research	-	7.514	3.566	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	11.080

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

The project leverages research and technological innovations from academia, of lethal directed energy, laser diagnostics and accelerated design of future hypersonics,

deep learning (DL) guidance tools, novel materials, and emerging technologies of importance to the Army, by accelerating research and conducting experiments focused

on getting technology to the warfighter more quickly. This project performs discovery research efforts to focus more on mid to far-term Army modernization priorities

while also maintaining delivery of near-term technologies critical to the Long Range Precision Fires and Air and Missile Defense. This project focuses on employment

of research technologies originating from extramural applied research in academia pertaining to lethal directed energy, laser diagnostics, future hypersonic glide body

and scramjet propulsor design, DL guidance tools, novel materials, and expansion of the Ballistic, Aero-Optics and Materials (BAM) range applied to lethality. This effort

conducts applied research and development leading to potential emerging technologies in areas of importance to the Army in directed energy, future hypersonic glide

body design, DL and novel materials, etc., by bringing competitively selected universities with research and development teams into technical alliances.

Work in this project complements Program Element (PE) 0602141A (Lethality Technology) / Project CZ9 (Foundational Hypersonic Weapons Research), PE 0602150A (Air and Missile Defense Technology) / Project DC1 (Next Generation DE Concept Development & Analysis), PE 0603116A (Lethality Advanced Technology) / Project CG2 (Lethality Enabling University Adv Development), and PE 0603464A (Long Range Precision Fires Advanced Technology) / Project BY2 (Advanced Hypersonic Technology).

Work in this project is performed by the Army Research Laboratory (ARL).

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Laser Diagnostics for Hypersonics and Directed Energy Description: This effort researched systematic expansion in laser diagnostics technologies to assess hypersonic turbulence and boundary layer transition. Work is conducted in collaboration with university partners to advance the effects of atmospheric turbulence on laser propagation and gain applied knowledge in directed energy systems effectiveness and range. FY 2026 Plans: Will fund research from the academic innovation ecosystem to capture and integrate disruptive laser, directed energy, and associated technologies; fund research that incorporates the BAM range to validate data and improve test techniques for subscale hypersonic flight, wind tunnel, directed energy, and associated applications. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement:	2.290	1.483	-

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602141A / Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) CJ1 / Lethality Enabling University Applied Research

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Funding decrease reflects realignment to Program Element (PE) 0602141A (Lethality Technology) / Project CF7 (Solid-state Laser Concepts and Architectures) to streamline and optimize the Science and Technology (S&T) portfolio.
Title: Turbulence and Transition Modeling and Validation for Hypersonic Vehicles Description: This effort is conducted in collaboration with university partners to develop modeling tools to help inform the flight envelope of existing hypersonic vehicles to accelerate design of future hypersonic glide bodies.	3.189	-	-
Title: Novel Materials for Extreme Environments Description: This effort produces a test environment for thermal and ablation evaluation of novel materials relevant to hypersonic vehicles. Work is conducted in collaboration with university partners to assess material characteristics and develop computational models of high strain rate materials to mitigate the effects of high kinetic energy impacts. FY 2026 Plans: Will fund research to mature novel materials for use in military applications, to include extreme environments such as high strain rate loading, extreme thermomechanical loading, hypersonic systems, and radiated environments; validate material characteristics and investigate manufacturability challenges and methods; continue to fund applied academic research for emerging technologies for novel materials in hypersonic applications; continue to fund research and incorporate the Ballistic Aero-Optics and Materials (BAM) range to validate data and improve test techniques. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects the strategic reallocation of resources to support evolving priorities and objectives.	1.539	2.083	-
Title: Intelligent Hypersonics and Other Vehicle Systems Description: This effort develops and designs geometrically relevant testing hardware required to study aerothermodynamic performance, increase impact velocity and extend range of precision strike munitions. Work is conducted in collaboration with university partners to collect experimental data and insights required to train deep learning neural networks used for the development of hypersonic vehicle flight systems with adaptability and increased lethality.	0.496	-	-
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	7.514	3.566	-

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602141A / Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) CJ1 / Lethality Enabling University Applied Research

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602141A / Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) CJ7 / Future Air Defense Missile Enabling Tech
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
CJ7: Future Air Defense Missile Enabling Tech	-	4.462	4.289	120.730	-	120.730	3.928	5.886	6.552	6.617	0.000	152.464

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project investigates, develops, and evaluates critical missile technologies and components necessary for advanced lethal capability in support of future/mid to far

term affordable short range air defense interceptor capability to defeat Cruise Missile (CM), Rotary Wing (RW), Tactical / Lethal Unmanned Aerial System (UAS), and

Fixed Wing (FW) threats. This effort designs and develops technologies to provide advanced materials, seekers, guidance and control, and propulsion for reduced size

weight and power and cost for Maneuver Short Range Air Defense (MSHORAD), Short Range Air Defense (SHORAD), and Lower Tier essential to maintain overmatch

against mid-/far-term threats. This project will investigate, identify and develop advanced radar concepts, technologies and signal processing algorithms to enable multi-

mission radar functions and expanded threat capability. This project supports Air and Missile Defense Modernization priority efforts.

Work in this project complements Program Element (PE) 0602147A (Long Range Precision Fires Technology) / Project AF3 (Extended Range Propulsion Technology) and Project AF8 (Affordable Extended Range Precision Technology), PE 0603135A / Counter Small Unmanned Aerial Systems (C-SUAS) Advanced Techno logy/ Project A32 / Counter Small Unmanned Aircraft Sys (C-sUAS) Adv, and PE 0602135A / Counter Small Unmanned Aerial Systems (C-SUAS) Applied Research / Project A31 / Counter Small Unmanned Aircraft Sys (C-sUAS) Tech.

Work in this project is performed by the Aviation & Missile Center (AvMC).

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Future Air Defense Missile Enabling Technology Description: Designs and develops reduced cost advanced Air Defense missile critical components essential to maintain overmatch against mid/far term M-SHORAD, SHORAD, and Lower Tier threats. FY 2026 Plans: Will validate through lab and range testing SFRJ propulsion technology in the current Stinger form factor to achieve increased range while maintaining current launcher compatibility; develop modeling and simulation capability to analyze and design highly loaded grain (HLG) propulsion technology for air defense interceptor applications; validate practicality of reactive material warhead solutions to improve lethality for lower- tier air and missile defense and C-UAS applications; design, develop and analyze vertical launch technologies to inform design of future air defense interceptor launch technologies; investigate, concepts for advanced radar component technologies to improve air defense missile seeker Size Weight And Power (SWAP) and improve radar	4.462	4.289	120.730

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602141A / Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) CJ7 / Future Air Defense Missile Enabling Tech

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
processing capabilities; perform trade studies, mature modeling and simulation capabilities, and design and develop critical missile component technologies required to defeat emerging AMD threats. FY 2027 Plans: Will validate modeling and simulation of highly loaded grain (HLG) propulsion technology for air defense interceptor applications through lab testing; validate enhanced lethality from reactive material warhead solutions to improve modeling for lower- tier air and missile defense and C-UAS applications; conduct experiments to validate the design of vertical launch technologies that enable future air defense interceptor launch platforms; investigate concepts for advanced radar component technologies to improve air defense missile seeker Size Weight And Power (SWAP) and improve radar processing capabilities; perform trade studies, mature modeling and simulation capabilities, and design and develop critical missile component technologies required to defeat emerging AMD threats; work alongside industry to design and develop interceptor component technologies and system designs to enhance performance against subsonic and/or supersonic cruise missiles and tactical/lethal UAS threats at greatly reduced costs; enable a highly competitive flyoff environment for multiple vendors and develop independent government modeling and simulation testbed capabilities to assess low-cost counter-cruise missile interceptor technologies. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding increase reflects acceleration of technology development and system concepts with multiple vendors supporting lower cost extended range advanced concepts and solutions to address the cruise missile threat.
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	4.462	4.289	120.730

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602141A / Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) CZ9 / Foundational Hypersonic Weapons Research
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
CZ9: Foundational Hypersonic Weapons Research	-	10.719	11.205	15.155	-	15.155	18.253	17.715	17.923	18.101	0.000	109.071

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project investigates foundational problems associated with high-speed weapons and informs the future strategic fires echelon of Long-Range Precision Fires

(LRPF) capabilities. This project funds the research of material science subjects such as extreme thermal loading and aero-thermodynamics and control technologies for

high- speed vehicles which may encounter high mechanical loads at launch.

Work in this project complements Program Element (PE) 0601102A (Defense Research Sciences) / Project AA7 (Mechanics and Ballistics) and PE 0602141A (Lethality Technology) / Project AH6 (Disruptive Energetics and Propulsion Technologies), Project AH7 (Lethal and Scalable Effects Technologies), and Project AH8 (Lethality Materials and Processes Technology), PE 0602144A (Ground Technology) / Project BL1 (Materials and Manufacturing Research Technology), and PE 0602145A (Next Generation Combat Vehicle) / Project BI4 (Materials Application and Integration Tech).

Work in this project is performed by the Army Research Laboratory (ARL) and the United States Army Space and Missile Defense Command, Technical Center.

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Foundational Hypersonic Weapon Materials Description: This effort investigates materials synthesis and processing (including innovative approaches such as high-throughput materials-by-design using artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms), novel experimental techniques, and fundamental theoretical modeling to decrease cost, increase availability, and model thermal and mechanical survivability on hypersonic vehicles. Specific research topics include polymer/resin synthesis for composites, novel three-dimensional composite weave architectures, composite processing (process by which the material is made), ceramic window/dome materials, high-temperature metallic alloys, and joining techniques. FY 2026 Plans: Will validate near-net shape manufacturing optimization of multiple materials into a subcomponent with a leading edge; validate performance models of materials and manufacturing processes; validate technical maturity of high-temperature material components in relevant environments ; validate alloy and ceramic formulation, composite processing techniques, and modeling and experimental characterization of all material classes; investigate coatings on ceramics, metals, or composites to improve structural integrity when subjected to high thermal and mechanical loads; mature design optimization tools for complex, multi-material solutions for high-speed munitions. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement:	6.307	6.322	-

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602141A / Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) CZ9 / Foundational Hypersonic Weapons Research

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Funding decrease reflects realignment to Foundational Hypersonics within this project.
Title: Foundational Hypersonic Weapons Flight and Control Description: This effort increases understanding of hypersonic vehicle flight behavior and control approaches for more aggressive, rapid, low risk multi-disciplinary designs of future hypersonic vehicles featuring enhanced agility/stability necessary for survivable delivery to advanced threats of the future. Research includes fundamental flow physics and chemistry, guidance and flight control algorithms, vehicle maneuver control mechanisms, novel vehicle shapes, and the theoretical modeling, computational toolsets, and experimental techniques to achieve these advancements. FY 2026 Plans: Will validate experimental techniques and high-fidelity computational tools to model complex flows such as shock-boundary layer interaction and boundary layer transition; mature simulation environments and investigate representative hypersonic weapons to understand performance drivers. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects realignment to Foundational Hypersonics within this project.	2.408	3.020	-
Title: Foundational Hypersonic System Component Description: This effort investigates the susceptibility of hypersonic threats to high-power microwave (HPM) research includes investigation of HPM and RF attenuation through hypersonic environments on electronic components, development of hardware to represent foreign missile threats, and modeling and simulation to predict effectiveness of HPM attack on hypersonic threats. This project directly supports Golden Dome Executive Order (EO 14186) for the development of non-kinetic capabilities to augment the kinetic defeat. Supports modernization of Air & Missile Defense capabilities 2021 Army Modernization Strategy by supporting Army IFPC-HPM. Supported by Transformation and Training Command (T2COM) Concept Required Capabilities (CRC) #5 for lethal and non-lethal fires, 7 for integrated Directed Energy (DE) fires and protection system and #11 for integration systems for non-lethal fires. Products developed from this project will transition to Rapid Capabilities and Critical Technologies Office (RCCTO) - ACCD for Counter-UAS. The cited research areas are also identified in the Under Secretary of War for Research and Engineering Directed Energy (DE) weapons mission areas and DE roadmap. Research is conducted by the United States Army Space and Missile Defense Command - Technical Center (USASMDC-TC) in coordination with PAE Fires. FY 2026 Plans:	2.004	1.863	4.399

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602141A / Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) CZ9 / Foundational Hypersonic Weapons Research

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Will research and investigate novel methods and techniques to defeat hypersonic systems left of launch to intercept utilizing high power microwave attack. Will investigate susceptibility and survivability of hypersonic components when exposed to HPM in a cold plasma environment. Research HPM weapon system requirements necessary for hypersonic defeat. FY 2027 Plans: Will research and investigate novel methods and techniques to defeat hypersonic systems such as left of launch to intercept and non-kinetic defeat capabilities utilizing high power microwave attack. Develop threat representative target components, investigate susceptibility and survivability of hypersonic components when exposed to HPM in a hot plasma environment; research HPM weapon system requirements necessary for hypersonic defeat. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding increase reflects risk reduction of experiment evaluating high power microwave efficacy to defeat hypersonic missile threats. Current simulations and modeling lack high fidelity physics-based computations to accurately assess effects on threat system. Replication of hypersonic environment and system material properties are accountable for increased investment profile.
Title: Foundational Hypersonics Description: This effort investigates material synthesis and processing, novel experimental techniques, and fundamental theoretical modeling to decrease cost, increase availability, and model thermal and mechanical survivability on hypersonic vehicles. This research will increase understanding of hypersonic vehicle flight behavior and control approaches for more aggressive, rapid, low risk multi-disciplinary designs of future hypersonic vehicles featuring enhanced agility and stability necessary for survivable delivery to advanced threats of the future. FY 2027 Plans: Will investigate processing methods for making robust materials suitable for high temperature environments; develop and validate optimization tools that enable performance improvements through novel processes; deepen understanding and identify relationships between materials processing methods and mechanical properties; advance current capabilities for mixing and processing materials used for propulsion; create analysis tools to accelerate assessment of structures and architectures of complex multi-material systems; conduct computational and experimental studies on Army-relevant, canonical flight geometries; incorporate components such as post-launch propulsion, navigation, and guidance to study the feasibility and effectiveness of low-cost hypersonic weapons. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: This is not a new start effort. FY 2027 funding increase reflects the consolidation of other ongoing efforts within this project from Foundational Hypersonic Weapon Materials and Foundational Hypersonic Weapons Flight and Control to support the creation	-	-	10.756

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602141A / Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) CZ9 / Foundational Hypersonic Weapons Research

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
of Foundational Hypersonics. Funding increase reflects additional research supporting processing methods for materials in high temperature environments and analysis tools to assess structures and architectures of complex multi-material systems.
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	10.719	11.205	15.155

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602141A / Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) DN6 / Science of Massed Responsive Fires
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
DN6: Science of Massed Responsive Fires	-	-	20.434	20.622	-	20.622	21.629	21.641	22.629	22.855	0.000	129.810

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project supports research on munitions, kinetic and non-kinetic payloads, and weapons in energetics, propulsion, flight, guidance, warheads, guns, material

science, and electromagnetic device packages and sensors. This project also supports research in novel energetic materials and energetic monomer/polymer synthesis,

composable design science, models for gun wear and erosion, and the development of algorithms, frameworks, and toolsets for cost-effective collaborative autonomous

delivery of weapons. Electronic (e.g., jamming, spoofing) and kinetic (e.g., intercept) counters that disrupt nodes of defeat are within adversary reach. Enablers delivered

in this research project provide entirely new approaches of dynamically adapting multi-functional systems of weapon systems (beyond improvements to field/air defense

and cannon/missile artillery) and the means to physically realize this capability at relevant speed and size scales in collapsed formations to defeat complex, rapidly

changing threats at depth.

Work in this project complements Program Element (PE) PE 0601102A (Defense Research Sciences) / Project AA7 (Mechanics and Ballistics), PE 0602141A (Lethality Technology) / Project AH6 (Disruptive Energetics and Propulsion Technologies), and PE 0602141A (Lethality Technology) / Project CZ9 (Foundational Hypersonic Weapons Research). This Project transitions to PE 0602141A (Lethality Technology) / Project AH9 (Advanced Warheads Technology), PE 0602147A (Long Range Precision Fires Technology) / Project AG4 (Extended Range Artillery Munition Suite Technology), PE 0602141A (Lethality Technology) / Project CI1 (Advanced Armaments Lethality Technology), PE 0602141A (Lethality Technology) / Project CIA (Applied Armaments Tech for Distributed Lethality), PE 0602147A (Long Range Precision Fires Technology) / Project AF8 (Affordable Extended Range Precision Technology), PE 0603464A (Long Range Precision Fires Advanced Technology) / Project CZ8 (PrSM Modular Payload Advanced Development), and PE 0603464A (Long Range Precision Fires Advanced Technology) / Project BY2 (Advanced Hypersonics Technology).

Work in this project is performed by Army Research Laboratory (ARL).

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Dense Energetic Materials Science Description: This effort supports research in novel energetic materials and energetic monomer/polymer synthesis to maximize both performance and survivability in extreme operating conditions and incorporation into propulsion (gun and rocket propellants, air-breather fuels) and warhead (explosive) technologies. FY 2026 Plans: Will explore propellant and fuel formulation and processing in support of air-breathing propulsion and gun propulsion to include novel gas generation technology; identify power versus sensitivity relationship of explosive formulations. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement:	-	1.097	-

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602141A / Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) DN6 / Science of Massed Responsive Fires

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Funding decrease reflects realignment to Dense Energetic Materials Science and Multifunctional Munitions within this project.
Title: Mechanisms, Materials, and Processing for Lethality Description: This effort will investigate models that are formulated for gun wear and erosion. This effort also supports the design and development of materials and manufacturing techniques which will be confirmed for rifled tubes to increase tube lifetime by an order of magnitude and increase firing rate. FY 2026 Plans: Will investigate gun tube alloy synthesis and coating processing for the interior of the gun tube; conduct modeling approach for design optimization of guns; improve models of gun erosion using 37-mm combustion/vented chamber experiments. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects realignment to Dense Energetic Materials Science and Multifunctional Munitions within this project.	-	3.564	-
Title: Threat-Responsive Dynamic Munition Sciences for Survivability and Delivered Effects Description: This effort will investigate electronics packages, sensors, algorithms, frameworks, and toolsets for cost-effective collaborative autonomous delivery of weapons that consider emerging heterogeneous payloads for targeting, deep sensing, battle damage assessment, communications, networking, and electronic warfare along with munition kinematics (propulsion, flight) for specific threats. This effort will also formulate compact radio frequency (RF) architectures for targeting/deep sensing, comms/ networking, and electronic warfare in extreme munitions environment. FY 2026 Plans: Will devise electromagnetic payloads/skins and algorithms for deep sensing/targeting/battle damage assessment, electronic warfare, and communications on munitions; investigate convergent manufacturing of electronics into munitions; formulate approach for design optimization of sensors/electronics into munitions using advanced manufacturing techniques; develop threat-responsive collaborative autonomous delivery algorithms for munitions. FY 2027 Plans: Will develop compact multi-function RF architectures for sensing, electronic warfare, and communications on munitions; develop laboratory experiments to assess component viability and functionality and validate modeling and simulation efforts for EW effects; assess applications and use cases of convergent manufacturing of electronics into munitions; refine approaches for threat responsive collaborative autonomous delivery algorithms for munitions. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding increase reflects additional research in multi-function RF architectures.	-	5.764	5.964
Title: Distributed, Dense, Multifunctional Architectures for Munitions	-	10.009	-

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602141A / Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) DN6 / Science of Massed Responsive Fires

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Description: This effort support research into composable design science incorporating coupled physics/chemistry/engagement models of multiple components/munitions with new functionality which could be convergent manufactured. Advanced manufacturing of distributed components for airframe (propulsion, flight) and payloads (targeting, comms, electronic warfare (EW), control, warhead, post-launch propulsion) with multi-functionality will be addressed. FY 2026 Plans: Will improve ignition and interior gun ballistics modeling; conduct combustion and regression modeling of air-breathing propulsion in conjunction with small-scale experiments; mature novel gas generation technologies for munition propulsion applications; perform experiments and improve modeling of maneuvering and powered flight of munitions; formulate flight control algorithms and mechanisms; synthesize fine-grained alloys for warhead liners; mature convergent manufacturing of liners; conduct design optimization framework for chemical energy-based lethal payloads in munitions; understand penetration of shaped charges and explosively formed penetrators using fine-grained alloys (including those driven by high-power explosives); conduct understanding of fragmentation with high-power explosives (without internal spalling); consider multi-mechanism and multi-effector damage of munitions with small delivery error. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects realignment to Dense Energetic Materials Science and Multifunctional Munitions within this project.
Title: Dense Energetic Materials Science and Multifunctional Munitions Description: This effort supports research in novel energetic materials, including monomers/polymers, to maximize both performance and survivability in extreme operating conditions and incorporation into propulsion (gun and rocket propellants, air-breather fuels) and warhead (explosive) technologies. The effort will design and develop materials and manufacturing techniques for rifled tubes to increase tube lifetime by an order of magnitude and increase firing rate. Material development will be aided by models tailored for gun wear and erosion. Research will be conducted on composable design science incorporating coupled physics/chemistry/engagement models of multiple components/munitions with new functionality and suitability for convergent manufacturing. Advanced manufacturing of distributed components for airframe (propulsion, flight) and payloads (targeting, comms, electronic warfare (EW), control, warhead, post-launch propulsion) with multi-functionality will be addressed. FY 2027 Plans: Will determine optimal formulation ingredients to maximize Gurney energy and long-term survivability for CL-20 containing warhead formulations; refine propellant formulation ingredients and processing conditions to deliver increased range for gun-launched munitions; explore materials and processing methods for application of high durability metallic coatings; create a framework for material performance optimization in relevant environments; perform characterization and analyses on advanced propulsion materials created through improved processing methodologies; investigate performance of integrated electronic devices in relevant environments; develop models to optimize lethality of metallic materials based on composition and processing;	-	-	14.658

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602141A / Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) DN6 / Science of Massed Responsive Fires

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
build exemplar use cases for multifunctional architectures with acquisition and concept developers; develop and mature novel processes and technologies to optimize munition design to meet different Warfighter requirements; validate initial designs in small-scale laboratory experiments. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: This is not a new start effort. FY 2027 funding increase reflects the consolidation of other ongoing efforts within this project from Dense Energetic Materials Science, Mechanisms, Materials, and Processing for Lethality, and Distributed, Dense, Multifunctional Architectures for Munitions to support the creation of Dense Energetic Materials Science and Multifunctional Munitions.
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	-	20.434	20.622

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040: Research, Development, Test & Evaluation, Army / BA 2: Applied Research	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602143A / Soldier Lethality Technology
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
Total Program Element	-	131.645	223.990	68.018	-	68.018	95.373	111.795	113.358	109.089	0.000	853.268
AY6: Soldier Squad Small Arms Armaments Technology	-	10.196	3.229	9.936	-	9.936	8.765	10.169	10.271	10.377	0.000	62.943
AZ2: Body Armor & Integrated Headborne Technology	-	5.593	4.739	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	10.332
AZ5: Soldier Protection Technology - Vulnerability	-	8.464	8.321	6.082	-	6.082	7.656	6.827	5.410	-	0.000	42.760
BB4: Dismounted Soldier Survivability Materials	-	4.327	4.786	12.228	-	12.228	18.335	21.658	21.894	22.134	0.000	105.362
BC2: Next Gen Mobility & Lethality Tech for Warfighters	-	8.156	5.623	24.247	-	24.247	44.714	57.433	59.902	60.519	0.000	260.594
BC7: Training Technology (Other than STE)	-	28.497	20.772	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	49.269
BD1: Adv Soldier Sensors/ Displays Tech for Dismounts	-	15.449	17.062	15.525	-	15.525	15.903	15.708	15.881	16.059	0.000	111.587
BD6: Soldier Sys Interfaces/ Integration- Sensor Tech	-	0.346	0.299	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	0.645
BE3: Joint Service Combat Feeding Technology	-	4.081	4.276	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	8.357
BP9: Soldier Lethality Technologies (CA)	-	43.500	151.320	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	194.820
BR9: Personnel & Airdrop Safety Technology	-	3.036	3.563	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	6.599

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This Program Element (PE) conducts fundamental research on Soldier Lethality technologies to develop an integrated Soldier and Squad architecture of equipment

and systems that improve Soldier and Small Combat Unit survivability, sustainability, mobility, combat effectiveness, and individual cognitive and physical readiness.

To address the challenges of integrating multiple technologies and sub-systems, research conducted in this PE, significant Science and Technology applied research

investments in all areas of Soldier Lethality focuses on how to improve the effectiveness of the technologies a Soldier utilizes and apply systems-level practices to

mitigate constraints from size and weight of the equipment. Research areas encompass individual and crew-served weapon designs and technologies as well as

Exhibit R-2, RDT&E Budget Item Justification: PB 2027 ArmyDate: April 2026Appropriation/Budget Activity2040: Research, Development, Test & Evaluation, Army / BA 2: AppliedResearchR-1 Program Element (Number/Name)PE 0602143A / Soldier Lethality TechnologyFY 2025FY 20262.0005.0008.0004.0002.0008.000

applied research in lightweight and transparent armor materials to mitigate effects from blast and ballistic threats, counter explosive hazard detection, counter-sensor capabilities, and signature management of weapons, equipment, personnel and high value targets. This PE investigates, develops and designs materials, technologies, methodologies and system models required to experiment and optimize Soldier lethality and survivability through investments in mobility, human-agent teaming, and improved situational awareness interfaces and display technologies as well as to provide Soldier-borne power and energy materials and components that support multiple Soldier-borne systems. This PE also investigates Warfighter training technologies and develops the underpinning technologies to establish architecture standards and interfaces necessary for creating realistic synthetic environments to create a single, interconnected synthetic training system to enable Army units and leaders to conduct realistic multi-echelon / multi-domain combined arms maneuver and mission command training, increasing proficiency through repetition. Human Factors Engineering projects conduct applied research to design weapon systems standards, guidelines, handbooks, and Soldier training curriculum and tools.

Results of these efforts are transitioned within the Army Futures Command, the Program Executive Offices, Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC), Army Medical Command (MEDCOM), and the Army Test and Evaluation Command (ATEC).

Work in this PE complements PE 0603118A (Soldier Lethality Advanced Technology).

Portions of this funding line support the Soldier Lethality Army Modernization Priority.

FY 2025 FY 2026 FY 2027 Base FY 2027 OOC FY 2027 Total B. Program Change Summary ($ in Millions)

Previous President's Budget 137.771 72.670 0.000 -0.000 Current President's Budget 131.645 223.990 68.018 -68.018 Total Adjustments -6.126 151.320 68.018 -68.018

• Congressional General Reductions --

• Congressional Directed Reductions --

• Congressional Rescissions -7.465 -• Congressional Adds 14.500 151.320

• Congressional Directed Transfers --

• Reprogrammings -11.391 -

• SBIR/STTR Transfer -1.770 -

• Adjustments to Budget Years --68.018 -68.018

Congressional Add Details ($ in Millions, and Includes General Reductions)

Project: BP9: Soldier Lethality Technologies (CA)

Congressional Add: Heroes

Congressional Add: Pathfinder Airborne

Congressional Add: Pathfinder Air Assault

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040: Research, Development, Test & Evaluation, Army / BA 2: Applied Research	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602143A / Soldier Lethality Technology
Congressional Add Details ($ in Millions, and Includes General Reductions) Congressional Add: Operational test environment and facility for cybersecurity training Congressional Add: non PFAS firefighting protective equipment fix caps Congressional Add: Advanced armor press applications Congressional Add: Advanced textiles and shelters Congressional Add: AI research center of excellence for education and training Congressional Add: CAV-X and XMP projectiles Congressional Add: Digital Night Vision Technology Congressional Add: Domestic silicone anode development Congressional Add: Food Safety Congressional Add: Future Operational Requirements, Capabilities, And Experimentation [Force] Congressional Add: Geospatial battlespace content creation modernization Congressional Add: High-capacity lithium ion cell batteries Congressional Add: Liquified gas electrolyte batteries for cold weather applications Congressional Add: Nanolayered polymer optics Congressional Add: New Materials And Manufacturing Technologies For Vehicle Armor Congressional Add: Non Pfas Fire-Resistant Treatments Congressional Add: Optimized portable thermophotovottaic squad power system Congressional Add: Pathfinder Emergency Readiness Congressional Add: Pathfinder Expansion Congressional Add: Pathfinder force protection Congressional Add: Pathfinder Human-Machine Teaming Congressional Add: Pathfinder Isr Congressional Add: Pathfinder multidomain operations Congressional Add: Pathfinder Pacific Congressional Add: Polymer Electrolytes For Solider Worn Batteries Congressional Add: SiC device modeling for HPM		FY 2025	FY 2026
29.000	-
2.500	-
-	10.000
-	5.000
-	5.000
-	4.000
-	6.000
-	1.000
-	2.000
-	8.000
-	6.000
-	8.500
-	5.000
-	5.000
-	7.000
-	5.000
-	2.500
-	11.250
-	3.000
-	4.100
-	3.720
-	4.000
-	4.750
-	5.000
-	2.000
-	2.500

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040: Research, Development, Test & Evaluation, Army / BA 2: Applied Research	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602143A / Soldier Lethality Technology
Congressional Add Details ($ in Millions, and Includes General Reductions)	FY 2025	FY 2026
Congressional Add: Silicon Carbide For Pulsed Power	-	1.000
Congressional Add: Virtual Al Network for ground units, automation, rules, and decision-making	-	10.000
Congressional Add: Wide field of view waveguide for helmet-mounted displays	-	3.000
Congressional Add Subtotals for Project: BP9	43.500	151.320
Congressional Add Totals for all Projects	43.500	151.320

Change Summary Explanation

FY 2027 funding increase reflects the fact that the FY 2026 President's Budget request did not include out-year funding.

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602143A / Soldier Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) AY6 / Soldier Squad Small Arms Armaments Technology
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
AY6: Soldier Squad Small Arms Armaments Technology	-	10.196	3.229	9.936	-	9.936	8.765	10.169	10.271	10.377	0.000	62.943

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project investigates individual and crew-served weapon designs and technologies that enhance the fighting capabilities and survivability of the dismounted

Warfighter in support of all of the Services. In addition, it conceives and advances weapon concepts based on innovative ballistic and advanced incapacitation

technologies that will enhance the defeat of hard and soft infantry targets at extended ranges based upon the Joint Service Small Arms Technology Development

Strategy (JSATDS). The project will continue to support technology needs from all Services to include the Next Generation Family of Weapons. In addition, this project

will develop the technology/weapons concepts that will upgrade medium and heavy support weapons at echelons. Finally, this project will perform research directed

toward non-kinetic modalities to incapacitate combatants.

Work in this project supports key Army needs and leverages the technical research of several Program Elements (PEs) to include PE 0601102A (Defense Research Sciences) / Project AA7 (Mechanics and Ballistics), PE 0603118A (Soldier Lethality Advanced Technology), and PE 0602141A (Lethality Technology).

Work in this project is performed by the Armaments Center (AC) and Army Research Laboratory (ARL).

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Soldier/Squad Lethality Technology Description: This tactical direct fires effort conceives and investigates advanced weapons concepts based on innovative ballistic technologies that will enhance the defeat of hard and soft infantry targets at extended ranges to ensure overmatch for Soldier Lethality. This effort will also perform research directed toward non-ballistic modalities to incapacitate combatants. FY 2026 Plans: Will investigate accuracy improvement for infantry weapon systems leveraging unique instrumentation, such as the automated jump range; develop understanding and refine high pressure ballistic technology and associated performance and benefits; develop comprehensive understanding of emerging threat systems and develop ways to maintain or gain overmatch against said threat within the platoon formations; develop material and operational concepts to increase individual soldier lethality to include but not limited to the heavy machine gun (HMG) and medium machine gun (MMG) strategy. FY 2027 Plans: Will create advanced cartridge designs and develop advanced barrel technologies using lightweight materials and advanced propulsion for improved accuracy of future medium and heavy machine gun platforms and next-generation sniper systems. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement:	3.802	2.497	1.516

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army		Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602143A / Soldier Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) AY6 / Soldier Squad Small Arms Armaments Technology

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Funding decrease reflects a reduction in research in the area of operational concepts associated with the heavy machine gun and medium machine gun strategy.
Title: Small Arms Enabling Technologies Description: This effort designs and develops small arms weapon systems, enablers, and ammunition technologies that will maintain decisive lethal overmatch capabilities to the Joint Warfighter. This effort matures small arms weapon system designs in support of Joint Warfighter's capability needs.	6.394	-	-
Title: 120mm Mortar Modernization Description: The 120mm Mortar Modernization Program addresses the critical need for increased range and survivability in 120mm mortars, enhancing capabilities for both the U.S. and Brazilian Armies and bridging the gap between battalion and division fires. A collaborative Research and Design partnership with Brazil, formalized through a Project Agreement (PA), accelerates program deliverables by leveraging shared expertise and facilities. The partnership?investigates?novel approaches and focuses on?determining?optimal integration strategies for U.S. and Brazilian technologies, ensuring interoperability. As the program? matures, the team will?conduct experiments?to?validate?designs against established requirements. FY 2026 Plans: Will investigate the application of rocket motor technologies on 120mm Mortar Cartridges to increase range capabilities; mature energetic components for future application onto mortar cartridges while meeting Insensitive Munition requirements. FY 2027 Plans: Will determine the feasibility of the interoperability between U.S. and foreign systems. Will validate the new fin design and range extension. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding increased to determine the feasibility of the interoperability with foreign systems.	-	0.732	1.127
Title: Joint Small Arms Research (JSAR) Description: This effort designs and develops small arms weapon, ammunition, and enabler component technologies that will maintain decisive lethal overmatch capabilities to the Joint Warfighter. This effort investigates and matures small arms weapon component designs in support of Joint Warfighter's capability needs. FY 2027 Plans: Will design concepts to study small arms characterization techniques and metrics; design and develop component technologies for increased volume fire effectiveness; mature algorithms and models used for advanced ballistics and holistic weapon signature	-	-	7.293

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army		Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602143A / Soldier Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) AY6 / Soldier Squad Small Arms Armaments Technology

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
system analysis; investigate fire control components and methodologies to improve future small arms system performance and emission reduction; conduct advance weapon operation experiments for increased lethality against advanced emerging target sets. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding increase reflects realignment from Program Element (PE) 0602184A (Soldier Applied Research) / Project DN2 (Joint Service Small Arms Enabling Tech).
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	10.196	3.229	9.936

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)	Project (Number/Name)
2040 / 2					PE 0602143A / Soldier Lethality Technology	AZ2 / Body Armor & Integrated Headborne
						Technology
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
AZ2: Body Armor & Integrated Headborne Technology	-	5.593	4.739	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	10.332

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project investigates and develops materials for Soldier-borne protective equipment, such as body armor and combat helmets, to increase protection from ballistic,

blast, and blunt impact threats. This project also investigates and executes systematic studies to design and develop materials, devices, systems and methods that

enable the identification of protective solutions against ballistic, blast and directed energy threats. Included are investigations of emerging technologies, novel materials,

and test methods and integration of personal armor, combat helmets, hearing protection, eyewear, and other personal protective equipment items.

Work in this project is performed by Soldier Center (SC).

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Body Armor & Integrated Headborne Technology Description: This research effort supports the investigation of novel materials, component designs, and material modeling to design and develop technologies that protect Soldiers against ballistic, blast, and directed energy threats. This effort utilizes a cross-disciplinary, human-focused approach to develop technologies which optimize tradeoffs in ballistic and blast protective component design. This effort addresses the Army challenge of easing overburdened Soldiers in small units and aligns to Soldier protection modernization priorities. FY 2026 Plans: Will begin validation of relationship between processing parameters, microstructure, and ballistic performance of state-ofthe-art ballistic materials; begin maturing component improvements to helmet preform processing methods and materials design concepts to achieve protection parity with vital torso armor; begin validation of novel head form concept for dynamic measurements of behind-helmet energy transfer during ballistic impact; validate electrowetting component technologies for low-powered antifogging solution for combat eyewear; design new protective garment architecture that mitigates threat from blast debris based upon requirements recommendations that emerge from the multi-fragmentation threat test method development; conduct experiments to assess the effectiveness of new materials and processes against prevalent and emerging threats for vital torso protection; investigate conformable/flexible armor technologies to determine tradeoff between protection and Soldier performance. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement:	5.593	4.739	-

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army		Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602143A / Soldier Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) AZ2 / Body Armor & Integrated Headborne Technology

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Funding decrease reflects transfer to Program Element (PE) 0602143A (Soldier Lethality Technology) / Project BB4 (Dismounted Soldier Survivability Materials) to streamline and optimize the Science and Technology (S&T) portfolio.
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	5.593	4.739	-

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602143A / Soldier Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) AZ5 / Soldier Protection Technology Vulnerability
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
AZ5: Soldier Protection Technology - Vulnerability	-	8.464	8.321	6.082	-	6.082	7.656	6.827	5.410	-	0.000	42.760

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project investigates and develops Soldier protection methodologies, which includes the materials, methods, and models that enable design and integration of

emerging material technologies into lightweight, flexible and modular Soldier equipment to protect against the range of existing and emerging battlefield threats for

head, torso, and extremity protection. Specific research thrusts include the development of materials and mechanisms to enhance ballistic protection; computational

models and associated laboratory experiments to provide a fundamental understanding of material properties and failure mechanisms, as well as correlation to ballistic/

blast/blunt impact performance of Soldier personal protective equipment (PPE) and improved fibers, composite, and ceramic materials. Specific technologies support

experimental helmets that reduce impact and blast loading to the head, Soldier torso protection systems to increase protection from ballistic and blunt impacts, and novel

fibers and fabrics that provide additional survivability mechanisms.

Work in this project supports key Army needs and is fully coordinated with several PEs to include PE 0602143A (Soldier Lethality Technology) and 0603118A (Soldier Lethality Advanced Technology); and leverages the technical research of several PEs to include PE 0601102A (Defense Research Sciences) / Project AA7 (Mechanics and Ballistics) and 0602144A (Ground Technology) / Project BL1 (Materials and Manufacturing Research Technology).

Work in this project is performed by the Army Research Laboratory (ARL).

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Soldier Protection Technologies Description: This effort develops integrated lightweight, flexible, and modular protection equipment that is tailored to support the 'Soldier as a system' approach for defeat of emerging threats. Research areas encompass high fidelity ballistic impact injury models for hard and soft tissues, novel ceramic architectures to include graded and hierarchically structured ceramics, and novel fiber solutions for backing materials to deliver Soldier protection systems to meet emerging ballistic and signature management threats. This effort supports small caliber lethal mechanisms research in PE 0602143A (Soldier Lethality Technology) / Project AY6 (Soldier Squad Small Arms Armaments Technology). FY 2026 Plans: Will mature behind armor injury assessment tools and investigate new material solutions for improved Soldier protection concepts; explore and design new computational tools addressing protection solutions for emerging threats; mature computational tools	3.597	3.908	-

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army		Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602143A / Soldier Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) AZ5 / Soldier Protection Technology Vulnerability

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
to assess optimal protection solutions for Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) borne threats; explore and mature conformal armor concepts. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects the strategic reallocation of resources to support evolving priorities and objectives.
Title: Soldier-Borne Advanced Protection Materials Description: Utilizing understanding of protection materials such as armor ceramics and associated failure mechanisms, conduct applied research of emerging armor materials to enable affordable design of lightweight ballistic protective systems for the future Soldier. Provide quantitative scientific basis for modeling and simulation that result in materials that utilize new lethal mechanisms/ protection schemes for the individual Warfighter. This effort supports Soldier Protection Technologies bullet and small caliber lethal mechanisms research in PE 0602143A (Soldier Lethality Technology) / Project AY6 (Soldier Squad Small Arms Armaments Technology). FY 2026 Plans: Will develop computational tools for armor optimization; mature bonding and integration strategies for composites and ceramics to develop armor packages with improved ballistic response relative to state-of- the-art and emerging threats scenarios. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects the strategic reallocation of resources to support evolving priorities and objectives.	2.400	1.474	-
Title: Novel Camouflage and Concealment Materials Description: The modern battlefield presents a new generation of detection threats across a wide range of wavelengths and host platforms, coupled with increasingly sophisticated computational analysis tools for identification and targeting. This effort will develop new materials and manufacturing concepts that enable a new generation of lightweight, efficient camouflage and concealment systems for the dismounted Soldier. FY 2026 Plans: Will design and develop camouflage and concealment materials identified by machine learning as providing extreme material performance opportunities for use in decoy and deception systems; assess reported properties and pathways for materials developed through second generation machine learning strategies for further material development; continue to design and develop materials providing novel camouflage and concealment to provide decoy and deception capabilities for autonomous assets with Aided Target Recognition (AiTR) capabilities focused in support of small dismounted Soldier teams and unit	2.467	2.939	-

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army		Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602143A / Soldier Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) AZ5 / Soldier Protection Technology Vulnerability

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
formations; investigate and develop processing and manufacturing science for integration of reconfigurable materials and coatings onto Army platforms. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding realigned to Program Element (PE) 0602143A (Soldier Lethality Technology) Project BB4 (Dismounted Soldier Survivability Materials) to consolidate all soldier materials research into one Project in FY 2027.
Title: Minimizing Exposures from Blast Overpressure FY 2027 Plans: Will conduct experimental tests of uncased detonations on blast gauges placed on mannequins as well as gold-standard pressure gauges to expand highly instrumented dataset; conduct mapping in-situ blast pressure fields from small and large caliber weapon platforms with high accuracy pressure gauges as well as candidate wearable sensors; synthesize experimental data into Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning (AI/ML) software package to iterate experimental design and expand software capabilities; develop correlation to blast experiments and loading experienced by Soldiers (armored and unarmored) from computational fluid dynamic simulations; develop initial leader dashboard tool capabilities as proof-of-concept. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding increase supports additional research in the area of computational fluid dynamic simulations.	-	-	6.082
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	8.464	8.321	6.082

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602143A / Soldier Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) BB4 / Dismounted Soldier Survivability Materials
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
BB4: Dismounted Soldier Survivability Materials	-	4.327	4.786	12.228	-	12.228	18.335	21.658	21.894	22.134	0.000	105.362

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project investigates fibers, textiles, components, and materials focused on enhancing Soldier survivability from combat threats (flame and thermal, blast and

ballistic, multispectral sensor, and laser threats) and environmental threats (e.g., cold, heat, wet, vector, antimicrobial, etc.) to increase operational effectiveness while

decreasing the Soldier's physical and cognitive burden. The results from this project will transition knowledge, materials, subcomponents and methods to Advanced

Technology Development efforts in support of enhancing Soldier Lethality by providing protective material solutions focused on the aspects of dismounted movement

and maneuver operations of the Army. This project develops and applies validation methods that enable systematic studies of human systems integration principles and

practices to protective equipment materials and designs to advance the understanding of trade-offs between protection, lethality, and mobility.

Work in this project supports key Army needs and leverages/complements the technical research of several Program Elements (PEs) to include PE 0601102A (Defense Research Sciences), PE 0602143A (Soldier Lethality Technology) / Project AZ5 (Soldier Protection Technology - Vulnerability), and PE 0603118A Soldier Lethality Advanced Technology / Project BB3 (Dismounted Soldier Survivability Equip/Tech Integ).

Work in this project is performed by the Soldier Center (SC) and Army Research Laboratory (ARL).

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Dismounted Soldier Survivability Materials Description: This effort investigates materials, devices and methods that aid in the design and development of multifunctional materials for Soldier protective clothing and individual equipment. This effort conducts research to investigate and identify multi-functional material properties at the micron and sub-micron level to mitigate Soldiers susceptibility and vulnerability to operational threat, i.e., flame, thermal, environmental, and multispectral sensors. Efforts also investigate and develop devices and systems that enable extended dismounted mission duration by reducing the demand for water resupply and enabling Squad organic water filtration systems FY 2026 Plans: Will investigate the impact of incorporating multiple functionalities, such as blast debris protection, vector protection, flame resistance, and moisture wicking into fiber, yarn and fabric constructions on each functionality to balance complexity and functional efficacy; determine the appropriate combination of functionalities at the fiber, yarn and fabric level and validate the design in a garment form factor; conduct experiments on novel fiber constructions for per-fluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) free fabric treatments; determine the practical limits of power and data transmission through a textile and validate with commercial and military electronic hardware; validate a Soldier/squad level water purification device concept that removes microbiological	4.327	4.786	12.228

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army		Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602143A / Soldier Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) BB4 / Dismounted Soldier Survivability Materials

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
contaminants and hazardous chemicals with complex, dosed water to simulate contaminated ground water; validate the operational lifespan of a multiplexed water quality sensor as an end of life indicator for water filtration systems; determine efficacy of a camouflage material concept designed to reduce the effectiveness of aided target recognition algorithms and their ability to detect, recognize and identify dismounted Soldiers. FY 2027 Plans: Will investigate and mature advanced technologies to enhance Soldier survivability by integrating ballistic and non-ballistic protection, blast debris mitigation, flame resistance, vector protection, and environmental protection into textiles and protective equipment; design camouflage and concealment materials identified for extreme material performance opportunities for use in decoy and deception systems, uniforms, and other protection applications; generate counter-aided target recognition (AiTR) patterns via artificial intelligence/machine learning (AI/ML), fabricate samples via additive manufacturing, and incorporate designs into direct write process for Soldier-borne applications; obtain material performance data and utilize AI/ML AiTR detection model to optimize patterns in small unit formations. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding increase reflects transfer from Program Element (PE) 0602143A (Soldier Lethality Technology) / Project AZ2 (Body Armor & Integrated Headborne Technology) & Project AZ5 (Soldier Protection Technology - Vulnerability) to streamline and optimize the Science and Technology (S&T) portfolio.
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	4.327	4.786	12.228

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602143A / Soldier Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) BC2 / Next Gen Mobility & Lethality Tech for Warfighters
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
BC2: Next Gen Mobility & Lethality Tech for Warfighters	-	8.156	5.623	24.247	-	24.247	44.714	57.433	59.902	60.519	0.000	260.594

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project conducts applied research, technology development, and demonstrations to enhance Soldier and small unit performance, survivability, and effectiveness across operational and training environments. By integrating innovative methodologies, advanced materials, and cutting-edge technologies and training techniques, the project addresses critical challenges in Soldier and small unit mobility, sustainment, lethality, and readiness. It investigates and develops design criteria, methods, metrics, and modeling & simulation (M&S) tools to determine the Soldier and Squad-System trade space to enhance physical and cognitive performance outcomes. The project uses advanced analytics and modeling to quantify readiness and performance, while strategies are explored to improve resiliency under adverse conditions. The project develops tools to address emerging operational paradigms to train for Information Advantage, focusing on cyber and information-related domains to prepare personnel for modern challenges while enhancing simulation and training capabilities in live, virtual and constructive environments leveraging artificial intelligence, data fusion, synthetic terrain and behavior modeling. The project investigates nutrient compositions and stabilization techniques to maximize Warfighter physical and cognitive performance, while technologies to detect and identify chemical and biological threats in foods reduce risks and improve readiness. Innovative ration and field feeding technologies further reduce resupply requirements and enhance operational independence. It designs and develops aerial delivery systems to enhance payload extraction, increase parachute gliding capabilities, and improve delivery accuracy for varying payload weights, while advancing airborne personnel insertion safety modernizing the Airborne Soldier and reducing mission risks. It develops advanced materials and manufacturing technologies to address the Army's unique need in future operating environments, including agile sustainment and distribution operations. It develops and demonstrates power and energy technologies to support Soldier and small unit operations, including energy storage (batteries), power generation, and power management and distribution systems. These advancements enable longer mission durations, lighter equipment loads, and enhanced lethality, ensuring tactical overmatch and reducing the burden on Soldiers and small units.

The project is designed to align with and support a variety of Army, Navy, Air Force, and DoW initiatives, ensuring integration with broader strategic goals and technical research priorities. It complements PE 0603118A (Soldier Lethality Advanced Technology) / Project BC1 (Human Performance AdvTech for Mobility & Lethality) by advancing human performance, mobility, and lethality. The project is fully coordinated with the Human Systems Community of Interest across the Army, Navy, and Air Force, addressing critical areas such as protection, sustainment, and Warfighter performance. Additionally, it supports PE 0602787A (Medical Technology) / Project MK4 (Warfigher Health Applied Rsch Technology) and collaborates with the Defense Health Agency (DHA), including Joint Program Committee-5, to develop nutritional countermeasures, microbiome solutions, and technologies that enhance health, performance, and well-being. The project also contributes to the Army Additive Manufacturing Community of Practice by enabling customization, improving readiness, and enhancing sustainment through point-of-need fabrication of end-use items. Furthermore, it complements efforts with the Defense Threat Reduction Agency to ensure the protection of rations from contamination and supports PE 0601102A (Defense Research Sciences) by addressing key Army needs and advancing technical research.

Work in this project is performed by the Soldier Center (SC) and the Command, Control, Communication, Computers, Cyber, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Center (C5ISR Center).

PE 0602143A: Soldier Lethality Technology UNCLASSIFIED

Volume 1b - 66

Army Page 15 of 36 R-1 Line #11

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602143A / Soldier Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) BC2 / Next Gen Mobility & Lethality Tech for Warfighters

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Human Interaction for Mobility & Lethality Description: This effort investigates and develops human performance based design guidance for protection and weapon systems and sub systems to improve the mobility and lethality of individuals and small units. The applied research translates traditional means for measuring and understanding human performance to the means to conduct assessment for Warfighter and small unit readiness and/or new capabilities. FY 2026 Plans: Will investigate nutritional supplementation to understand impacts on performance (e.g., recovery, physical performance, immune response, etc.); investigate brain-computer interface technologies for cognitive workload assessment capability; execute research data collection of impact of headborne load on Soldier task performance for data integration into a musculoskeletal modeling effort; continue investigation through data collections, analysis and reporting on the optimal combinations of information presentation and multimodal system inputs (e.g., gesture, gaze, voice, head movements) to optimize Soldier-System performance when interacting with augmented reality and/or autonomous systems during operationally relevant tasks; validate the integration of results of previous years meta-analyses and investigations of gaps in understanding between known stressors and their interaction on Soldier performance outcomes into the prediction models and investigate other known gaps that exist. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects realignment to Soldier/Squad-System Trade Space for Lethality & Readiness within this project.	8.156	5.623	-
Title: Soldier/Squad-System Trade Space for Lethality & Readiness Description: This effort investigates and develops design criteria, methods, metrics and modeling & simulation (M&S) tools to understand trade-offs related to Soldier/Squad-System integration; investigates novel Soldier-System interactions (e.g. augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), Brain Computer Interface) for optimal performance outcomes; develops novel analytics and modeling for readiness and performance quantification of the Soldier and Squad; and investigates technologies and strategies that optimize and enhance Soldier & Squad physical and cognitive capacity and resiliency to adverse conditions. FY 2027 Plans: Will complete artificial intelligence (AI) recommender model framework for Command decision support; continue to investigate and integrate new model inputs and outputs into the predictive performance model that are deemed operationally relevant; investigate mixed methods human-machine integration for additional task sets (e.g., robotic autonomous systems (RAS), small unmanned aerial systems (SUAS) control); investigate impact of technologies (to include supplementation) on physical performance, cognitive performance, recovery, etc. while under stress; investigate and develop novel soldier and squad metrics for combat power quantification; investigate brain computer interface technologies and workload algorithms. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement:	-	-	4.137

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602143A / Soldier Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) BC2 / Next Gen Mobility & Lethality Tech for Warfighters

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Funding increase reflects realignment from Human Interaction for Mobility & Lethality within this project.
Title: Training and Simulation Technology Description: This effort emphasizes emerging operational paradigms, including modeling non-combat factors in operational environments and developing tools to train for Information Advantage. By focusing on cyber and information-related domains, the initiative aims to prepare personnel for modern challenges in operational and training environments. A new Multi-Domain Operations (MDO) competency framework will be established to enable machine-supported performance tracking and readiness projections for current and emerging use cases. These efforts ensure comprehensive preparation for both combat and non-combat scenarios, leveraging advanced modeling and simulation techniques to address the complexities of information-driven operations. Additionally, the project focuses on designing and developing advanced simulation environments using photorealistic synthetic environments, multi-sensory interfaces, AI agents, and human performance assessment technologies to enhance Army training capabilities. Key efforts include enhancing digital terrain fidelity for live training systems, such as force-on-force and combined arms exercises, through improved vertical terrain resolution, physics-based blast effects, and data compression technologies. The initiative also seeks to automate resource and equipment management for training exercises by developing a self-healing simulation architecture capable of autonomously configuring, deploying, and managing resources. Fully autonomous constructive models will further streamline exercise execution, increasing training effectiveness and readiness in distributed environments. In addition, advancements in medical training simulations will prepare medical personnel across all levels of care, with hyper-realistic haptic capabilities, automated performance measures, and proof-of-concept systems for specialized areas like dental training simulations. FY 2027 Plans: Information warfare and kinetic/non-kinetic cyber effects for Live/Virtual/Constructive environments will be developed for seamless application across CONUS and OCONUS Combat Training Center (CTC) locations. Will develop and validate architecture for Multi-Domain Operations (MDO) training that leverages established performance measures and aligns with knowledge, skills, bilities, and behaviors frameworks, automating assessment of Soldier performance during CTC and Homestation Exercise Rotations. Key technical software development includes automated exercise generation systems, data fusion capabilities using 2D/3D formats with government and commercial sensors, hardware acceleration validation, and dynamic behavior algorithms for large-scale training scenarios. The effort will mature physics based munitions effects modeling and wireless data compression for Live/Virtual/Constructive environments and cUAS training activities. High fidelity engagement data models and scalable terrain architecture for Live ranges will be matured. Generative AI applications using Large Language Models will be investigated to automated/dynamic behavior in Virtual/Constructive environments. . Will investigate adaptive, multi-modal augmented reality interfaces for Army applications and study location-independent training delivery methods to improve learning outcomes. Will address medical training needs through physical and software solutions for prolonged care scenarios, including validation of	-	-	3.655

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602143A / Soldier Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) BC2 / Next Gen Mobility & Lethality Tech for Warfighters

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
consolidated physiology engines and haptic hardware for dynamic medical training use cases such as austere environments, sex-specific care considerations, and patient handoff procedures. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding increase reflects transfer from Program Element (PE) 0602143A (Soldier Lethality Technology) / Project BC7 (Training Technology (Other than STE)) to streamline and optimize the Science and Technology (S&T) portfolio.
Title: Joint Service Combat Feeding Technology Description: This effort investigates, designs, and develops nutrient compositions and stabilization techniques to maximize the Warfighter's physical and cognitive performance on the battlefield. The effort investigates technologies to enhance detection and identification capabilities of chemical and biological threats in foods and develops innovative ration and field feeding technologies to reduce resupply requirements. Work in this area results in increased performance, less food-borne illness, and overall increased readiness of the Warfighter. The Army serves as the Executive Agent for this DoW program - DoDD 3235.02E, with oversight and coordination provided by the DoW Combat Feeding Research and Engineering Board. FY 2027 Plans: Will investigate the effects of food processing technologies and storage on ration protein quality and effects on intestinal health and function using ex vivo models; will determine updated barrier requirements for optimal shelf-life of the Meal Ready-to-Eat retort and non-retort ration components, minimizing packaging materials and reducing soldier load; design food decontamination technologies to enhance squad-level sustainment in challenging logistical environments, allowing for rapid surface decontamination, decreasing the likelihood of foodborne illness and increasing Soldier safety. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding increase reflects transfer from Program Element (PE) 0602143A (Soldier Lethality Technology) / Project BE3 (Joint Service Combat Feeding Technology) to streamline and optimize the Science and Technology (S&T) portfolio.	-	-	4.987
Title: Personnel and Airdrop Safety Technology Description: This effort investigates technologies that enhance payload extraction, which will allow current vehicles to be dropped with more armor and support equipment, and reduce the design constraint on future vehicles that have airdrop as an operational requirement, increase parachute gliding capabilities, and mature delivery accuracy of cargo aerial delivery systems that support varying payload weights. Research in the area of novel parachute materials will provide increased capabilities for cargo and personnel aerial delivery systems. This effort will support an investigation of new Modeling and Simulation (M&S) tools to develop validation methods for airdrop concepts. This effort also investigates technologies that advance airborne personnel insertion safety requirements to modernize the Airborne Soldier and provide the ability to effectively execute the airborne mission through reducing safety risk and increasing capabilities.	-	-	3.734

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army		Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602143A / Soldier Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) BC2 / Next Gen Mobility & Lethality Tech for Warfighters

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
FY 2027 Plans: Will mature modeling of paratrooper and cargo airdrop scenarios, validating simulations against collected data from aerial delivery operations, in support of airborne safety goals; Continue investigation of next-generation of high-performance gliding parachute systems with significant glide ratios, large wing loading ranges, and reduced weight/bulk; Conduct analysis of technological limitations preventing high altitude (>40k feet) delivery methods and identify paths to overcome limitations. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding increase reflects transfer from Program Element (PE) 0602143A (Soldier Lethality Technology) / Project BR9 (Personnel & Airdrop Safety Technology) to streamline and optimize the Science and Technology (S&T) portfolio.
Title: Institute for Advanced Composites Engineering - Applied Research Description: This effort focuses on advanced materials and manufacturing technologies to support the unique needs of the Army in future operating environments, to include the challenges associated with sustaining distribution operations and agile sustainment. This research program will include advanced composite research aided by machine-learning algorithms that is incorporated into structural systems. The effort leverages existing university investments and partnership with the National Manufacturing Innovation Institutes. FY 2027 Plans: Will continue research in the competency areas of advanced manufacturing processes; composite research in support of advanced manufacturing; additive manufacturing technologies; design for additive manufacturing and digital manufacturing and design innovation. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding increase reflects transfer from Program Element (PE) 0602184A (Soldier Applied Research) / Project DO1 (Modernized Composites & Manufacturing) to streamline and optimize the Science and Technology (S&T) portfolio.	-	-	3.999
Title: Domestically Sourced Next Generation Batteries Technology Description: This effort develops novel electrochemical energy storage solutions that are essential to support technological advancements against near-peer adversaries. Domestic advanced energy storage technologies will be developed to support enduring mission sets by increasing operational run-times in harsh military environments and temperature ranges. FY 2027 Plans:	-	-	3.735

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army		Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602143A / Soldier Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) BC2 / Next Gen Mobility & Lethality Tech for Warfighters

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Will investigate novel electrolytes and cell components to improve energy density and rate capabilities at extreme temperatures and humidities and design preliminary domestic cells, integrating these new cell materials to support increased energy demand and sustainment of Soldier and Small Unit equipment and Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) platforms. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding increase is to develop domestically sourced battery technology.
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	8.156	5.623	24.247

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602143A / Soldier Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) BC7 / Training Technology (Other than STE)
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
BC7: Training Technology (Other than STE)	-	28.497	20.772	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	49.269

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project funds research into technologies and their applications that can inform and/or enhance the Army's live, virtual, and constructive training systems. This

project conducts research in immersive virtual, mixed, and augmented reality (AR) environments that stimulate human senses (e.g., sight, sound, and touch) and also

conducts laboratory experiments to understand how users interface with the technology in order to improve the realism of simulation environments and therefore create

enhanced immersion and more effective training systems. Models and simulations are designed are developed to allow realistic, fair fight engagements across all

training environments and training devices, to include the cyberspace domain. Included in the investigations of this project are also medical training systems (e.g., part-

task trainers and physiological modeling).

Work in this project supports key Army needs and complements efforts in Program Element (PE) 0603118A (Soldier Lethality Advanced Technology) / Project BC8 (Training Advanced Technology (Other than STE)).

Work in this project is performed by the Soldier Center (SC) and the Institute for Creative Technologies (ICT) University Affiliated Research Center (UARC).

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Medical Training Technology Description: Included in this effort will be the development of new medical training simulations to train medical personnel across all levels of care. Improvements in haptic capabilities will ensure hyper bio-fidelity for all levels of care. Automated measures of student performance will support Army medical Individual Critical Task Lists (ICTLs). Research areas will also include more realistic tissue properties supporting part-task trainers and modular patient simulator systems. Initial exploration of Army ICTLs will result in early proof-of-concept development of proof-of concept training systems to support non-traditional medical areas, such as dental training simulations. FY 2026 Plans: Will mature physical and software solutions for prolonged care in support of Multi-Domain Operations (MDO) training environment; continue validation of consolidated physiology engine and updated haptic hardware against more dynamic prolonged care use cases that support Army medical training, such as extended austere environment, gender care differences and patient handoff. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects transfer to Program Element (PE) 0602143A (Soldier Lethality Technology) / Project BC2 (Next Gen Mobility & Lethality Tech for Warfighters) to streamline and optimize the Science and Technology (S&T) portfolio.	3.173	2.278	-
Title: Warfighting M/S Concepts and Design (ICT)	5.209	5.588	-

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602143A / Soldier Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) BC7 / Training Technology (Other than STE)

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Description: This Project designs and develops photorealistic synthetic environments, multi-sensory interfaces, artificially intelligent agents, and human performance assessment technologies to create virtual, augmented, and mixed reality simulation environments for training. This Project uses advanced modeling, simulation, and leadership development techniques to leverage the emerging immersive technologies of industry and the research and development community to advance the Army's capabilities. FY 2026 Plans: Will continue research of novel educational, operational, and training applications of emergent artificial intelligence (AI) methods such as generative AI within militarily-relevant simulations; develop military-relevant AI-based training methods for both individual and collective training, expand the areas of modeling and simulation, to include investigating methods to expand representations of electronic and intelligence areas of operation, expand the utility of AI for generating educational-, training-, or operational-insights and recommendations; continue investigation of adaptive, multi-modal interfaces for Army-specific applications of augmented reality applications; study staff-specific learning outcomes to better deliver content and improving training outcomes independent of location. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects transfer to Program Element (PE) 0602143A (Soldier Lethality Technology) / Project BC2 (Next Gen Mobility & Lethality Tech for Warfighters) to streamline and optimize the Science and Technology (S&T) portfolio.
Title: Digital Terrain for Live Training Description: This effort investigates technologies to enhance the fidelity and visual effects of digital terrain for live training systems, with an objective metric of reducing overall training time to gain proficiency in the live environment. It addresses live training needs for conducting force-on-force, combined arms exercises to enhance readiness at Army home stations and Combat Training Centers by enhancing vertical terrain resolution, physics-based blast effects on terrain, and data compression technologies. FY 2026 Plans: Will further mature physics- based algorithms for munitions effects in live range environment based on initial validation, validate wireless data compression architecture for live/virtual/constructive training environments; validate data models that enable high fidelity engagements in live environment; and validate and implement layered and scalable terrain architecture for live range environment use cases. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects transfer to Program Element (PE) 0602143A (Soldier Lethality Technology) / Project BC2 (Next Gen Mobility & Lethality Tech for Warfighters) to streamline and optimize the Science and Technology (S&T) portfolio.	6.355	1.225	-
Title: Simulation Management Technologies	6.323	3.300	-

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602143A / Soldier Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) BC7 / Training Technology (Other than STE)

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Description: This effort aims to automate management of resources and equipment associated with the planning, preparation, execution, and assessment of individual through collective training exercises. This effort will inform requirements and research capabilities to enable a self-healing simulation architecture that can automatically architect, configure, detect, deploy, and manage resources to support individual and collective training use-cases. The design and development of fully autonomous constructive models will be leveraged within this architecture to further automate exercise execution and greatly increase time and effectiveness of training and readiness opportunities within the distributed training environment. FY 2026 Plans: Will validate initial hardware acceleration architecture; mature limited number of dynamic behavior algorithms for large-scale training exercise use-cases based on initial validation; mature configuration and authoring components in relevant planning preexercise use-cases; and mature component architectures into a single solution for implementation in execution phase of large-scale collective simulated exercises. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects transfer to Program Element (PE) 0602143A (Soldier Lethality Technology) / Project BC2 (Next Gen Mobility & Lethality Tech for Warfighters) to streamline and optimize the Science and Technology (S&T) portfolio.
Title: Multi-Domain Environments for Training Description: This effort will define a new, common MDO competency framework to drive machine-supported training performance data collection, tracking and readiness projections for current and new MDO use-cases. This effort also investigates emerging operational/training paradigms, including a detailed focus on modeling non-combat factors of operational environments and developing models necessary to train for Information Advantage. FY 2026 Plans: Will begin initial development of architecture previously designed to leverage mature/reusable Measures of Performance/ Effectiveness (MOPs/MOEs); validate MDO profiles and authoring tools/user interfaces aligned to knowledge, skills, abilities and behaviors (KSABs) across identified MDO task structures; complete design architecture to simulate first order effects in information warfare domain. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects transfer to Program Element (PE) 0602143A (Soldier Lethality Technology) / Project BC2 (Next Gen Mobility & Lethality Tech for Warfighters) to streamline and optimize the Science and Technology (S&T) portfolio.	7.437	4.708	-
Title: Processing Technologies for Live Training FY 2026 Plans:	-	1.785	-

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army		Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602143A / Soldier Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) BC7 / Training Technology (Other than STE)

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Will design and develop sensors and algorithms that will be used in next gen small arm weapon systems to estimate current posture of Soldiers during Live exercises. Will posture positions to be captured including static and dynamic (i.e. standing, sitting, lying, kneeling, jumping, walking running, lifting, etc) Will conduct initial investigation of solutions to determine accuracy of engagements with and without posture determination. (fair fight analysis). FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects transfer to Program Element (PE) 0602143A (Soldier Lethality Technology) / Project BC2 (Next Gen Mobility & Lethality Tech for Warfighters) to streamline and optimize the Science and Technology (S&T) portfolio.
Title: Synthetic Cyberspace Effects for Training FY 2026 Plans: Will investigate current capabilities for automated exercise generation, assessment, data collection, process, display and storing of relevant data methods. Will design and develop capability for initial data fusion in 2D/3D format using both government and commercial open-source sensors. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects transfer to Program Element (PE) 0602143A (Soldier Lethality Technology) / Project BC2 (Next Gen Mobility & Lethality Tech for Warfighters) to streamline and optimize the Science and Technology (S&T) portfolio.	-	1.888	-
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	28.497	20.772	-

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602143A / Soldier Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) BD1 / Adv Soldier Sensors/Displays Tech for Dismounts
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
BD1: Adv Soldier Sensors/ Displays Tech for Dismounts	-	15.449	17.062	15.525	-	15.525	15.903	15.708	15.881	16.059	0.000	111.587

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project designs and develops low power, next generation modular sensor and display components for detection and identification of both threats and friendlies in all

environments to increase situational awareness, decrease fratricide, and enable Soldiers to respond more quickly for greater lethality.

This project complements s work done in Program Element (PE) 0603118A (Soldier Lethality Advanced Technology) / BC9 (Adv Soldier Sensors/Displays AdvTech for Dismounts).

Work in this project is performed by the Command, Control, Computers, Communications, Cyber, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C5ISR) Center, Soldier Center, and Army Research Laboratory (ARL).

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Advanced Soldier Sensors/Displays Technology for Dismounts Description: This effort models, simulates, investigates, designs, and develops novel low power, modular electro-optic / infrared (EO/IR), displays, augmented reality approaches and integrates aided/automatic target detection and recognition techniques to enable improved Soldier maneuver and lethality through greater information fidelity to increase Soldier probability of recognition/ identification and tracking of all threats. FY 2026 Plans: Will validate degree of improvement gained through advanced processing and signal multiplication methods for overcast starlight imagers; investigate high-speed, high definition supporting electronics for next generation small pixel large format infrared imaging arrays to streamline size, weight, and power (SWaP) and processing; determine Read Out Integration Circuit (ROIC) hybridization to support early pixel fabrication designs, leading to low SWaP sensors; investigate state of the art organic and inorganic light emitting diodes (LED) micro display technology for military applications. FY 2027 Plans: Will investigate advanced materials and sensor modalities for digital low-light imagers capable of operation in overcast starlight, with an emphasis on high performance, low power, and low cost for future Soldier-borne and attritable systems; design and develop a front-end application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) for the next generation of small-pixel, large-format, continuous-bias thermal uncooled sensors to optimize size and power while increasing processing capabilities for Soldier-borne applications;	15.449	17.062	11.040

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army		Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602143A / Soldier Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) BD1 / Adv Soldier Sensors/Displays Tech for Dismounts

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
investigate, design and develop government owned, advanced autonomy algorithms for Army Squad and Platoon level Small Unmanned Aerial Systems (SUAS) to enable autonomous navigation in GPS denied and communication degraded environments FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects reductions to development of micro-display and modeling, simulation and virtual prototyping technologies.
Title: Distributed Information for Enhanced Squad Lethality (DIESL) Description: This effort investigates how multimodal data from heterogenous small units of Soldiers and systems can be combined and leveraged to provide actionable information for squad lethality and survivability, including enhanced target acquisition and engagement, situational awareness, tactical maneuver, and decision-making performance. Results of this effort will enhance operational performance at scale and complexity through novel human-agent interaction techniques over distributed formations of Soldier technologies. FY 2027 Plans: Will develop capability to quantify shared situational awareness of heterogenous human-autonomy teams using edge devices; integrate computational models of visual attention with computer vision to share target information between dismount Soldiers and autonomous systems; investigate algorithms for adapting autonomous systems based on squad-level maneuver predictions; develop methodologies for leveraging dismounted Soldier-system data for novel fire control capabilities across the formation. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: This is not a new start effort. Funding realigned from Program Element (PE) 0602184A (Soldier Applied Research) / Project CN2 (Intelligent Weapons Concepts and Technologies) to consolidate soldier situational awareness work within one project in FY2027.	-	-	4.485
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	15.449	17.062	15.525

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602143A / Soldier Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) BD6 / Soldier Sys Interfaces/Integration-Sensor Tech
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
BD6: Soldier Sys Interfaces/ Integration- Sensor Tech	-	0.346	0.299	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	0.645

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project investigates, designs, and validates advanced technologies and algorithms for enhancing dismounted Soldier deployed robotics and autonomous systems

used to improve the Small Unit's situational awareness, survivability, and lethality. Technologies to be investigated may include: algorithms for dismounted robotic

systems to enable autonomous navigation, automated object recognition, persistent surveillance, launch and recovery from vehicles, networked lethality, manned-

unmanned teaming, and collaborative behaviors; and advanced user interfaces to optimize human-robotic interaction during dismounted operations. These advanced

technologies will enable Squad and Platoon level autonomous reconnaissance using robotic systems to minimize the operator's dedicated control of the systems and

reduce their cognitive burden, thus allowing Soldiers to be more lethal and survivable.

Work in this project supports key Army needs and leverages the technical research of several Program Elements (PEs) / Projects to include PE 0603118A (Soldier Lethality Technology) / Project BD7 (Soldier Sys Interfaces/Integration-Sensor Tech) and Project BC9 (Advanced Soldier Sensors/Displays Advanced Technology for Dismounts).

Work in this project is performed by the Soldier Center (SC).

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Soldier Situational Awareness Technologies Description: This effort will investigate, design, and validate advanced dismounted Soldier robotic and autonomous systems technologies to enable autonomous navigation, manned-unmanned teaming, and networked reconnaissance to improve Soldier lethality, situational awareness, and survivability during tactical operations. FY 2026 Plans: Will design and develop Small Unmanned Aerial Systems (SUAS) autonomy and multi-agent teaming capabilities for dismounted operations to improve the Small Unit's situational awareness and lethality. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects transfer to Program Element (PE) 0602143A (Soldier Lethality Technology) / Project BD1 (Adv Soldier Sensors/Displays Tech for Dismounts) to streamline and optimize the Science and Technology (S&T) portfolio.	0.346	0.299	-
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	0.346	0.299	-

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army		Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602143A / Soldier Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) BD6 / Soldier Sys Interfaces/Integration-Sensor Tech

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602143A / Soldier Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) BE3 / Joint Service Combat Feeding Technology
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
BE3: Joint Service Combat Feeding Technology	-	4.081	4.276	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	8.357

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project investigates and develops nutrient compositions and stabilization techniques to maximize the Warfighter's physical and cognitive performance on the

battlefield, investigates technologies to enhance detection and identification capabilities of chemical and biological threats in foods, and develops innovative ration and

field feeding technologies to reduce resupply requirements for the multi-domain battlefield. The Army serves as the Executive Agent for this DoW program, with oversight

and coordination provided by the DoW Combat Feeding Research and Engineering Board.

Work in this PE is related to and fully coordinated with PE 0602787A (Medical Technology) / Project MK4 (Warfighter Health Applied Research Technology) to develop technologies and concepts; Army Additive Manufacturing Community of Practice to enable customization, increase readiness, and improve sustainment due to fabrication of end-use items at point of need; Defense Threat Reduction Agency to maximize protection of rations from contamination; Defense Health Agency (DHA) to transition and develop materiel solutions in the microbiome technical areas; and the Defense Health Agency (DHA) Joint Program Committee-5, which seeks to develop effective nutritional countermeasures against stressors and to maximize health, performance, and well-being.

Work in this project is performed by the Soldier Center (SC).

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Joint Service Combat Feeding Technology Description: This effort investigates, designs, and develops nutrient compositions and stabilization techniques to maximize the Warfighter's physical and cognitive performance on the battlefield. The effort investigates technologies to enhance detection and identification capabilities of chemical and biological threats in foods and develops innovative ration and field feeding technologies to reduce resupply requirements. Work in this area results in increased performance, less food-borne illness, and overall increased readiness of the Warfighter. FY 2026 Plans: Will identify and investigate interventions for prevention of pathogens in operational rations; Investigate and validate detection sensors for biological contaminants that were developed in prior work, to support reducing response time and reagent resupply; Assess impacts of footprint reduction technologies on the retention and bioavailability of micronutrients in operational ration components; Research advances in the bio fabrication of nutritional biomass candidates to evaluate alternatives to nutrient dense nourishment without a 7-day resupply or burden on Soldier load; FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement:	4.081	4.276	-

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army		Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602143A / Soldier Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) BE3 / Joint Service Combat Feeding Technology

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Funding decrease reflects transfer to Program Element (PE) 0602143A (Soldier Lethality Technology) / Project BC2 (Next Gen Mobility & Lethality Tech for Warfighters) to streamline and optimize the Science and Technology (S&T) portfolio.
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	4.081	4.276	-

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602143A / Soldier Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) BP9 / Soldier Lethality Technologies (CA)
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
BP9: Soldier Lethality Technologies (CA)	-	43.500	151.320	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	194.820

Note

Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Soldier Lethality Technologies.

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project is for congressional increases that support applied research in support of Soldier Lethality, where the Soldier and Squad are treated as an integrated combat platform.

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026
Congressional Add: Heroes FY 2025 Accomplishments: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Heroes FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Heroes	2.000	5.000
Congressional Add: Pathfinder Airborne FY 2025 Accomplishments: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Pathfinder Airborne FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Pathfinder Airborne	8.000	4.000
Congressional Add: Pathfinder Air Assault FY 2025 Accomplishments: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Pathfinder Air Assault FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Pathfinder Air Assault	2.000	8.000
Congressional Add: Operational test environment and facility for cybersecurity training FY 2025 Accomplishments: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Operational test environment and facility for cybersecurity training	29.000	-
Congressional Add: non PFAS firefighting protective equipment fix caps FY 2025 Accomplishments: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for non PFAS firefighting protective equipment fix caps	2.500	-
Congressional Add: Advanced armor press applications	-	10.000

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army		Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602143A / Soldier Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) BP9 / Soldier Lethality Technologies (CA)

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026
FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Advanced armor press applications
Congressional Add: Advanced textiles and shelters FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Advanced textiles and shelters	-	5.000
Congressional Add: AI research center of excellence for education and training FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for AI research center of excellence for education and training	-	5.000
Congressional Add: CAV-X and XMP projectiles FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for CAV-X and XMP projectiles	-	4.000
Congressional Add: Digital Night Vision Technology FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Digital Night Vision Technology	-	6.000
Congressional Add: Domestic silicone anode development FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Domestic silicone anode development	-	1.000
Congressional Add: Food Safety FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Food Safety	-	2.000
Congressional Add: Future Operational Requirements, Capabilities, And Experimentation [Force] FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Future Operational Requirements, Capabilities, And Experimentation [Force]	-	8.000
Congressional Add: Geospatial battlespace content creation modernization FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Geospatial battlespace content creation modernization	-	6.000
Congressional Add: High-capacity lithium ion cell batteries FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for High-capacity lithium ion cell batteries	-	8.500
Congressional Add: Liquified gas electrolyte batteries for cold weather applications FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Liquified gas electrolyte batteries for cold weather applications	-	5.000
Congressional Add: Nanolayered polymer optics	-	5.000

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army		Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602143A / Soldier Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) BP9 / Soldier Lethality Technologies (CA)

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026
FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Nanolayered polymer optics
Congressional Add: New Materials And Manufacturing Technologies For Vehicle Armor FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for New Materials And Manufacturing Technologies For Vehicle Armor	-	7.000
Congressional Add: Non Pfas Fire-Resistant Treatments FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Non Pfas Fire-Resistant Treatments	-	5.000
Congressional Add: Optimized portable thermophotovottaic squad power system FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Optimized portable thermophotovottaic squad power system	-	2.500
Congressional Add: Pathfinder Emergency Readiness FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Pathfinder Emergency Readiness	-	11.250
Congressional Add: Pathfinder Expansion FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Pathfinder Expansion	-	3.000
Congressional Add: Pathfinder force protection FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Pathfinder force protection	-	4.100
Congressional Add: Pathfinder Human-Machine Teaming FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Pathfinder Human-Machine Teaming	-	3.720
Congressional Add: Pathfinder Isr FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Pathfinder Isr	-	4.000
Congressional Add: Pathfinder multidomain operations FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Pathfinder multidomain operations	-	4.750
Congressional Add: Pathfinder Pacific FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Pathfinder Pacific	-	5.000
Congressional Add: Polymer Electrolytes For Solider Worn Batteries	-	2.000

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army		Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602143A / Soldier Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) BP9 / Soldier Lethality Technologies (CA)

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026
FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Polymer Electrolytes For Solider Worn Batteries
Congressional Add: SiC device modeling for HPM FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for SiC device modeling for HPM	-	2.500
Congressional Add: Silicon Carbide For Pulsed Power FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Silicon Carbide For Pulsed Power	-	1.000
Congressional Add: Virtual Al Network for ground units, automation, rules, and decision-making FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Virtual Al Network for ground units, automation, rules, and decision-making	-	10.000
Congressional Add: Wide field of view waveguide for helmet-mounted displays FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Wide field of view waveguide for helmet-mounted displays	-	3.000
Congressional Adds Subtotals	43.500	151.320

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602143A / Soldier Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) BR9 / Personnel & Airdrop Safety Technology
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
BR9: Personnel & Airdrop Safety Technology	-	3.036	3.563	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	6.599

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project investigates fibers, textiles, components, and materials focused on enhancing Soldier survivability from combat threats (flame and thermal, blast and

ballistic, multispectral sensor, and laser threats) and environmental threats (e.g., cold, heat, wet, vector, antimicrobial, etc.) to increase operational effectiveness while

decreasing the Soldier's physical and cognitive burden. The results from this project will transition knowledge, materials, subcomponents and methods to Advanced

Technology Development efforts in support of enhancing Soldier Lethality by providing protective material solutions focused on the aspects of dismounted movement

and maneuver operations of the Army. This project develops and applies validation methods that enable systematic studies of human systems integration principles and

practices to protective equipment materials and designs to advance the understanding of trade-offs between protection, lethality, and mobility.

Work in this project supports key Army needs and leverages/complements the technical research of several Program Elements (PEs) to include PE 0601102A (Defense Research Sciences), PE 0602143A (Soldier Lethality Technology) / Project AZ5 (Soldier Protection Technology - Vulnerability), and PE 0603118A Soldier Lethality Advanced Technology / Project BB3 (Dismounted Soldier Survivability Equip/Tech Integ).

Work in this project is performed by the Soldier Center (SC) and Army Research Laboratory (ARL).

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Personnel & Airdrop Safety Technology Description: This effort investigates technologies that enhance payload extraction, which will allow current vehicles to be dropped with more armor and support equipment, and reduce the design constraint on future vehicles that have airdrop as an operational requirement, increase parachute gliding capabilities, and mature delivery accuracy of cargo aerial delivery systems that support varying payload weights. Research in the area of novel parachute materials will provide increased capabilities for cargo and personnel aerial delivery systems. This effort will support an investigation of new Modeling and Simulation (M&S) tools to develop validation methods for airdrop concepts. This effort also investigates technologies that advance airborne personnel insertion safety requirements to modernize the Airborne Soldier and provide the ability to effectively execute the airborne mission through reducing safety risk and increasing capabilities. FY 2026 Plans: Will develop high performance computational fluid structure interaction models, in support of next generation static line canopy redesigns as well as new cargo payload configurations; continue to develop and validate technologies for navigation in a Global	3.036	3.563	-

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army		Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602143A / Soldier Lethality Technology	Project (Number/Name) BR9 / Personnel & Airdrop Safety Technology

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Positioning System GPS denied environment; research the deployment of large scale, high aspect ratio parafoils from fixed wing aircraft. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects transfer to Program Element (PE) 0602143A (Soldier Lethality Technology) / Project BC2 (Next Gen Mobility & Lethality Tech for Warfighters) to streamline and optimize the Science and Technology (S&T) portfolio.
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	3.036	3.563	-

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040: Research, Development, Test & Evaluation, Army / BA 2: Applied Research	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602144A / Ground Technology
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
Total Program Element	-	148.459	130.842	44.146	-	44.146	54.114	53.106	54.984	54.333	0.000	539.984
BK7: Robotics for Engineer Operations Technology	-	5.436	3.477	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	8.913
BL1: Materials and Manufacturing Research Technology	-	9.985	5.787	18.481	-	18.481	17.275	16.551	16.379	16.442	0.000	100.900
BL2: Explosives Forensics Technology	-	0.988	1.002	-	-	-	1.013	1.012	1.013	1.013	0.000	6.041
BL5: Expedient Passive Protection Technology	-	2.710	4.156	6.077	-	6.077	4.866	4.792	6.608	6.794	0.000	36.003
BL7: Power Projection in A2AD Environments Technology	-	2.127	4.103	6.722	-	6.722	10.130	9.453	14.825	13.695	0.000	61.055
BL9: Protection from Advanced Weapon Effects Technology	-	5.033	4.778	5.245	-	5.245	7.267	6.862	6.276	6.337	0.000	41.798
BN8: Ground Technology Materials(CA)	-	91.300	74.500	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	165.800
CG7: Ground Protection Concepts and Technologies	-	8.306	9.859	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	18.165
CG8: Human Autonomy Teaming	-	9.131	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	9.131
CI2: Ground Enabling University Applied Research	-	3.882	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	3.882
CV3: Engineer Enablers Maneuver, LOG, & Sustainment Apl	-	1.239	4.166	4.068	-	4.068	7.160	7.965	3.331	3.425	0.000	31.354
DA1: SAFR Alternatives for Readiness Applied Research	-	3.878	6.251	1.052	-	1.052	3.900	3.940	3.993	4.043	0.000	27.057
DG1: Development of Obscurants	-	2.705	2.661	2.501	-	2.501	2.503	2.531	2.559	2.584	0.000	18.044
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040: Research, Development, Test & Evaluation, Army / BA 2: Applied Research	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602144A / Ground Technology
DI7: Environmental Security Resilience Tech	-	1.739	10.102	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	11.841

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This PE executes research that support and enable the Army's modernization priority for the Next Generation of Combat Vehicles including systems for the deployment

FY 2025FY 20266.5005.000-

and sustainment of ground movement and maneuver. This PE designs and validates technologies that are necessary and foundational for enduring and future ground movement, maneuver and protection of Soldiers and systems. The cited work is consistent with the Under Secretary of War for Research and Engineering priority focus areas.

Work is performed by the Army Research Laboratory (ARL); the Chemical Biological Center (CBC); the Data and Analysis Center (DAC); the University Technology Development Division; the Armaments Center (AC); the Aviation and Missile Center (AVMC); the Soldier Center (SC); the Ground Vehicle Systems Center (GVSC); the Environmental Laboratory; and the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory; the Construction Engineering Research Laboratory; the Information Technology Laboratory; the Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory. Work in this PE complements PE 0602145A (Next Generation Combat Vehicle Technology), PE 0603119A (Ground Advanced Technology), PE 0603462A (Next Generation Combat Vehicle Advanced Technology), PE 0602143A (Soldier Lethality Technology) and PE 0603118A (Soldier Lethality Advanced Technology).

FY 2025 FY 2026 FY 2027 Base FY 2027 OOC FY 2027 Total B. Program Change Summary ($ in Millions)

Previous President's Budget 155.829 56.342 0.000 -0.000 Current President's Budget 148.459 130.842 44.146 -44.146 Total Adjustments -7.370 74.500 44.146 -44.146

• Congressional General Reductions --

• Congressional Directed Reductions --

• Congressional Rescissions -4.678 -• Congressional Adds 91.300 74.500

• Congressional Directed Transfers --

• Reprogrammings -92.724 -

• SBIR/STTR Transfer -1.268 -

• Adjustments to Budget Years --44.146 -44.146 Congressional Add Details ($ in Millions, and Includes General Reductions)

Project: BN8: Ground Technology Materials(CA) Congressional Add: Carbon nanomaterials as functional additives Congressional Add: Integrity of transparent armor

PE 0602144A: Ground Technology UNCLASSIFIED

Volume 1b - 89

Army Page 2 of 43 R-1 Line #12

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040: Research, Development, Test & Evaluation, Army / BA 2: Applied Research	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602144A / Ground Technology
Congressional Add Details ($ in Millions, and Includes General Reductions) Congressional Add: Rapid advanced deposition Congressional Add: Ceramic materials for extreme environments Congressional Add: Polar proving ground Congressional Add: Protective coatings Congressional Add: Scaling of lightweight metallurgical development Congressional Add: 2D polymer scalable manufacturing Congressional Add: Critical hybrid advanced manufacturing processes Congressional Add: High deposition structural alloy Congressional Add: Multimodal pavement scanner array Congressional Add: Reuse consortium for water resiliency at installations Congressional Add: Soil stabilization Congressional Add: Sustainable solutions for coatings Congressional Add: Weather forecasting for real time decisions Congressional Add: Windstorm resilience for facilities Congressional Add: Accelerated Carbonization Soil Stabilization Congressional Add: Ai Approach For Additive Manufacturing Of Ground Vehicles Congressional Add: Arctic Geotechnical Intelligence And Analytics Network Congressional Add: Biomaterials For Ground Infrastructure Reinforcement Congressional Add: Critical Hybrid Advanced Manufacturing Processing Congressional Add: Development Of Roadway Repair Materials Congressional Add: Electrolyzer Technology Congressional Add: High-Throughput Composites Manufacturing Congressional Add: Integrated modeling and simulation system Congressional Add: Microbial Biomanufacturing Congressional Add: Novel Metal Additive Manufacturing System Congressional Add: Rapid advanced deposition research		FY 2025	FY 2026
10.000	-
4.000	-
5.000	5.000
6.000	6.000
5.000	-
5.000	4.000
7.500	-
12.500	-
2.800	-
5.000	-
4.000	-
5.000	-
5.000	5.000
3.000	-
-	2.500
-	3.000
-	2.000
-	5.000
-	8.000
-	3.000
-	2.000
-	5.000
-	1.750
-	3.000
-	2.000
-	10.000

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040: Research, Development, Test & Evaluation, Army / BA 2: Applied Research	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602144A / Ground Technology
Congressional Add Details ($ in Millions, and Includes General Reductions)	FY 2025	FY 2026
Congressional Add: Resilient Energy System Solutions For Extremely Cold Regions	-	3.000
Congressional Add: Respiratory Models For Aerosol Threat Assessment	-	1.000
Congressional Add Subtotals for Project: BN8	91.300	74.500
Congressional Add Totals for all Projects	91.300	74.500

Change Summary Explanation

FY 2027 funding increase reflects the fact that the FY 2026 President's Budget request did not include out-year funding.

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602144A / Ground Technology	Project (Number/Name) BK7 / Robotics for Engineer Operations Technology
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
BK7: Robotics for Engineer Operations Technology	-	5.436	3.477	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	8.913

Note

The project is being consolidated to Program Element 0602144A (Ground Technology) / Project BL7 (Power Projection in A2AD Environments Technology) to combine

power projection capabilities into a project. This will enable portfolio efficiencies and flexibility in year of execution.

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This research investigates and develops standoff robotic capabilities to reduce Soldier/Combat Engineer risks and fatalities while conducting activities essential to shaping the environment. It will close the gaps between commercial construction equipment and the requirements of the future Engineer Force to support maneuver, movement, and sustainment. This research will develop the capability to generate a near real-time site model with appropriate engineering details to allow unmanned system shaping of the environment through physical interaction (e.g., push, pull, lift, or dig). This effort will also develop the requisite mission planner and task execution controller that accepts input from the user and provides suggestions and feedback based on updates to the site model, reporting from hardware agents, and resource allocation logic. The end state goal is the development of beyond line of sight teleoperation and semiautonomous capabilities allowing Engineer robotic support to match pace in future combat environments. This effort will support the development, testing, and evaluation of prototypical robotic Combat Engineer equipment. This project develops modeling and simulation tools that represent realistic states for Engineer robotic operations and develops and assesses semi-autonomous and autonomous construction equipment technologies needed for remote control Engineer operations.

Work in this project complements Program Element (PE) 0603119A (Ground Advanced Technology) / Project BK8 (Robotics for Engineer Operations Advanced Technology).

Work in this project is coordinated with Program Element (PE) 0603462A (Next Generation Combat Vehicle Advanced Technology).

Work in this project is performed by the United States Army Engineer Research and Development Center Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, Information Technology Laboratory, and Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory.

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Semi-Autonomous Engineer Operations Description: This effort investigates and develops robotic machine tools and behaviors to perform semi-autonomous shaping of the terrain through physical interaction with the environment (push, pull, lift, and dig). The effort develops the necessary decision-making, data fusion, localization, and inter-platform communication to allow semi-autonomy on commercial off the shelf (COTS) equipment.	5.436	3.477	-

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602144A / Ground Technology	Project (Number/Name) BK7 / Robotics for Engineer Operations Technology

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
FY 2026 Plans: Will expand the number of autonomous simple Combat Engineer tasks for each type of heavy Engineer equipment. Will develop capability for the heavy Engineer equipment to have spatial awareness of other equipment within the worksite and track autonomous task progression by detecting changes in the environment due to terrain shaping activities. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Decrease is due to consolidation of effort to Program Element 0602144A (Ground Technology) / Project BL7 (Power Projection in A2AD Environments Technology) to combine power projection capabilities into a project. This will generate efficiencies and enable flexibility as mission needs change.
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	5.436	3.477	-

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

N/A

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602144A / Ground Technology	Project (Number/Name) BL1 / Materials and Manufacturing Research Technology
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete		Total Cost
BL1: Materials and	-	9.985	5.787	18.481	-	18.481	17.275	16.551	16.379	16.442	0.000		100.900
Manufacturing Research
Technology

Note

In FY 2026, a portion of funds are realigned from PE 0602144A (Ground Technology to Program Element) / Project BL1 (Materials and Manufacturing Research

Technology) to PE 0602147A (Long Range Precision Fires Technology) / Project AH4 (Precision and Coop Weapons in a Denied Env Tech) and PE 0602184A (Soldier

Applied Research) / Project CN9 (Soldier Enabling University Applied Research).

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project links materials research, manufacturing processes, and design to enable high quality additive manufacturing products for Army applications through the development of high-performance feedstock materials (polymers, metals, and ceramics), physics-based process models, and in-situ process monitoring. Integration of these tools with process models enables real-time control and manipulation of material structure and properties to produce three-dimensional hybrid electronics packaging, power and energy sources and converters and new materials/structures for protection. The goal of this work is to develop robust physics-based models to optimize material properties, structures, and manufacturing processes for Army applications in protection, maneuver, power, sensing, and signature management necessary to rapidly respond to emerging and unknown threats in a battlefield environment.

This work is done in coordination with Program Element (PE) 0602145A (Next Generation Combat Vehicle Technology), 0602143A (Soldier Lethality Technology) and 0603118A (Soldier Lethality Advanced Technology).

Work in this project is performed by the Army Research Laboratory (ARL)

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Additive Manufacturing Research Description: This effort Investigates new additive manufacturing (AM) capabilities that enable production of lightweight materials for protection, survivability, and maneuverability that cannot be produced through traditional manufacturing methods. Efforts include the design and development of new feedstock materials engineered specifically for low-volume additive processes to produce net-shape materials with desired properties and functionalities; integrated process models and real-time monitoring for closed-loop control and production of lightweight materials with optimal architectures, property gradients, and interfaces; and design optimization capabilities that connect materials and manufacturing to access the full design space enabled by additive manufacturing. FY 2026 Plans:	3.289	1.847	-

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602144A / Ground Technology	Project (Number/Name) BL1 / Materials and Manufacturing Research Technology

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Will mature components for printed fragmentation munition casing of novel metal alloys for active protection and optimize conversion of casing-to-fragmentation for increased lethality; continue to design and develop advanced manufacturing feedstock alloys and develop recycled feedstocks suitable for advanced manufacturing; mature high strength alloys and lightweight/ultrahigh strength alloys for protection; mature processing and materials technologies for cost effective lightweighting of indirect fire platforms. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects realignment to Advanced Manufacturing Research for Supply Chain Resilience within this project.
Title: Energy Sources and Storage Description: This effort focuses on the design and characterization of chemistries, materials, and components for advanced batteries, fuel reformers, and fuel cells. Potential Army applications include hybrid power sources, smart munitions, hybrid power vehicles, and soldier power applications. This effort also investigates the applicability of photosynthesis to provide fuel and electricity for Soldier power applications and investigates silicon carbide power module components that could enable compact, high-efficiency, high-temperature, and high-power density converters for motor drive and pulse power applications. FY 2026 Plans: Will research advanced electrolytes and interfaces for high energy rechargeable lithium-ion batteries; investigate high voltage electrolyte, cathodes, and different pairing combinations of each with high capacity anodes; explore electrode processing methods and effects of loading, additives, and material microstructure, to include process-induced changes on heterogeneity and ordering effects on electrode performance; determine electrolyte formulation to improve battery lifetime; determine physical, chemical and electrochemical properties of electrode-electrolyte interphase layer formation and stability, and methods of optimization for longer battery life; investigate advanced anodes and their stability under high power and fast charge conditions. FY 2027 Plans: Will research highly efficient catalysts for solid oxide fuel cells stable against sulfur contaminants. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding increase is an economic adjustment.	3.345	0.914	0.939
Title: Novel Armor Materials and Processes for Vehicle Protection Description: This effort designs, develops, fabricates, and assesses a variety of materials (e.g. metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites) to enable more survivable, lighter weight armor, protection, and electronics for vehicle structures. Research focuses on novel material properties, developing physics-based models, materials characterization techniques, non-destructive testing methods, and traditional and advanced fabrication/processing methods to transition candidate solutions for maturation, scale-up, and integration into Army systems.	3.351	3.026	-

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602144A / Ground Technology	Project (Number/Name) BL1 / Materials and Manufacturing Research Technology

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
FY 2026 Plans: Will design and develop lightweight armor for conventional kinetic and non-kinetic threats as well as emerging threats (unmanned aerial systems, high energy weapons, etc.); design and develop materials to protect from directed energy weapons; design and develop lightweight, damage resistant, transparent armor materials and data-driven processing methodologies for personnel and sensor protection; design and develop materials and processes for ground vehicle propulsion systems; investigate and determine evolving threats to guide materials design concept for non-conventional scenarios and emerging technologies. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects realignment to Advanced Manufacturing Research for Supply Chain Resilience within this project.
Title: Advanced Manufacturing Research for Supply Chain Resilience Description: This effort focuses on designing, developing, fabricating, and assessing advanced materials and manufacturing methods-including metals, ceramics, polymers, and composites-to optimize material properties and performance for ground vehicle applications. Research integrates novel material properties, physics-based models, materials characterization, nondestructive testing, and advanced fabrication methods to transition solutions for scale-up and Army system integration. This effort also explores additive manufacturing (AM) capabilities to produce lightweight materials with architectures and functionalities unattainable through traditional methods. Efforts include developing engineered feedstock materials, data driven design, materials and manufacturing methods to develop domestic and resilient supply chains materials and manufacturing to fully leverage the design space enabled by AM technologies. FY 2027 Plans: Will design and develop advanced manufacturing methodologies, including additive manufacturing and novel feedstock development to support on-demand, novel manufacturing and enhancing a resilient supply chain; design and develop advanced manufacturing science for high throughput and complex geometries; design and develop lightweight survivability technologies for conventional kinetic and non-kinetic threats as well as emerging threats (unmanned aerial systems, high energy weapons, etc.); investigate materials to protect from directed energy weapons; design and develop lightweight, damage resistant, transparent armor materials and data-driven processing methodologies for personnel and sensor protection. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: This is not a new start effort. FY 2027 funding increase reflects the consolidation of other ongoing efforts within this project from Additive Manufacturing Research and Novel Armor Materials and Processes for Vehicle Protection to support the creation of Advanced Manufacturing Research for Supply Chain Resilience.	-	-	5.288
Title: Advanced Energy Storage Technologies for Safe, Effective Batteries in Operational Environments	-	-	12.254

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602144A / Ground Technology	Project (Number/Name) BL1 / Materials and Manufacturing Research Technology

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Description: This effort will develop energy storage technologies for explicit Army operational needs in collaboration with industry, academia, and DoW partners and prioritizes the development and assessment of energy storage capabilities that can integrate into standard battery cells and military standard battery packaging. This research focuses on: 1) Advance energy storage chemistries, including multivalent and beyond-lithium, which utilize more-abundant materials that can be sourced state side to address supply chain deficiencies, improve competition, and enable a stronger supply base, 2) Electrode, electrolyte materials, and charging methods that enable safer, faster charging, and higher density energy storage for dismounted soldiers that can improve survivability, enhance readiness, and extend operational reach and 3) Electrolytes and electrode compositions that provide sufficient energy to maintain mission requirements in much lower than normal operating temperatures with standard battery and unmanned aerial system (UAS) form factors. FY 2027 Plans: Will assess performance of standardized cylindrical energy storage cells produced with industry partner at extreme low temperature (-20 deg C to -60 deg C) as well as effects on ambient and elevated temperatures (up to 60 deg C) performance and stability; explore integration of low temperature capable cells into experimental battery packs and UAS; assess impacts of advanced low temperature energy storage cells on experimental battery packs and UAS platforms; create new energy storage materials and electrolytes to enhance cell charging capabilities at extreme low temperatures; explore power electronics to enable advanced and faster battery charging protocols; design and develop salt, additive, and solvent compositions that promote cycle stability in multivalent and beyond-Lithium energy storage; explore and integrate high-capacity cathode materials for beyond-Lithium energy storage; mature alloy and host anode materials for beyond-Lithium energy storage; validate beyond-Lithium energy storage can exceed specific energy of current Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP) based Lithium-ion battery cells with industry partners; assess energy density, rate performance, and cycle life of experimental cells employing safe electrolyte and cell engineering approaches; explore integration of protected and unprotected silicon materials as well as role of size, structure, binder, oxide content, and graphite content on energy storage cell performance; investigate role of partial depth of discharge on fast charge capabilities of high-capacity anode materials. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding increase supports additional research in the areas of new battery materials and electrolytes to enhance cell charging capabilities at extreme low temperatures, high-capacity cathode materials for beyond-Lithium battery chemistries, power electronics to enable advanced and faster battery charging protocols, and the integration of low temperature capable battery cells into experimental battery packs and Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS).
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	9.985	5.787	18.481

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602144A / Ground Technology	Project (Number/Name) BL1 / Materials and Manufacturing Research Technology

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions) Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602144A / Ground Technology	Project (Number/Name) BL2 / Explosives Forensics Technology
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
BL2: Explosives Forensics Technology	-	0.988	1.002	-	-	-	1.013	1.012	1.013	1.013	0.000	6.041

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project investigates and develops sensor technology for the trace detection of military explosives, homemade explosives (HME), and solid chemical hazards

found on contaminated surfaces. This project pursues research in signatures and algorithms required to provide improved trace analysis of chemical hazards to enable

integration and augmentation into chemical and explosive detection equipment for the warfighter.

Work in this project compliments Program Element (PE) 0603119A (Ground Advanced Technology) / Project BL3 (Explosives Forensics Advanced Technology).

Work in this project is performed by the Chemical Biological Center (CBC).

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Forensic Analysis of Explosives Signatures Applied Research Description: This effort investigates forensics analytical methods for military explosives, homemade explosives (HME), HME precursors, and residue analysis for attribution. FY 2026 Plans: Will investigate and develop candidate surface and ground chemical sensing technologies to enhance battlefield and mobile lab forensic detection capability of low levels of solid explosive and chemical contamination on surfaces, focusing on further implementing machine learning techniques, real-time analysis computational improvements, and canine sensor development sensor aids. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects the strategic reallocation of resources to support evolving priorities and objectives.	0.988	1.002	-
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	0.988	1.002	-

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602144A / Ground Technology	Project (Number/Name) BL5 / Expedient Passive Protection Technology
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete		Total Cost
BL5: Expedient Passive Protection Technology	-	2.710	4.156	6.077	-	6.077	4.866	4.792	6.608	6.794	0.000		36.003

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project designs and develops rapidly deployable passive protective solutions; methodologies for intuitive decision support; tactics, techniques, and procedures to increase the survivability of personnel, critical assets, and facilities from a range of threats; and an integrated suite of tunnel detection, subterranean monitoring solutions, and vulnerability assessment technologies to detect, identify, and monitor subterranean threat activities. Through experimental and computational investigation and design, this project develops force protection technologies for complex and contested environments. This project also develops expedient solutions and methodologies for decision support for protection against a range of threats, to include improvised, conventional, and emerging weapons such as ballistic missiles.

Work in this project complements Program Element (PE) 0603119A (Ground Advanced Technology) / Project BL6 (Expedient Passive Protection Advanced Technology).

Work in this project is performed by the United States (US) Army Engineer Research and Development Center Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory.

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Deliberate Expedient Protection for Large-scale Operations Yielding Survivability (DEPLOYS) Description: This effort investigates expedient survivability solutions for large-scale combat operations. This effort will develop logistically feasible passive protection solutions tailored for protection of key assets, logistical nodes, sustainment functions, and tactical operation centers to complement active protection and unconventional countermeasures, strengthening Guam's defense and enhancing overall mission assurance. This effort will also develop holistic survivability assessments and guidance for critical sites, functions, and personnel, accounting for various attack scenarios and the interdependencies of components, assets, systems, and systems of systems. FY 2026 Plans: Will develop initial expedient concepts to rapidly increase the level of protection of key assets from weapons effects. Will develop survivability assessment methodologies for critical sites, functions, and personnel, accounting for various attack scenarios and the interdependencies of components, assets, systems, and systems of systems. FY 2027 Plans:	2.710	4.156	4.077

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602144A / Ground Technology	Project (Number/Name) BL5 / Expedient Passive Protection Technology

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Will conduct experiments to assess and refine expeditionary passive protection design concepts for logistic supply locations and enhance survivability assessment methodologies for critical sites, functions and personnel, accounting for various attack scenarios. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects completion of initial expedient concepts for protection of key assets and the survivability assessment methodologies for critical sites, functions, and personnel.
Title: Subterranean Detection and Monitoring Apl Tech Description: This effort will develop and validate tunnel detection, perimeter security, and geohazard detection systems for application in jungle, volcanic island and transition zones (near-shore) common to INDOPACOM. This will be achieved through novel geophysical sensor fusion and advanced data processing for enhanced capabilities in these GPS denied environments. FY 2027 Plans: Conduct initial experiments to investigate geographical areas of interest utilizing several geophysical sensing modalities to gain a performance baseline. Down select the highest performing modalities for further validation. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: FY 2027 funding increase develops and validates tunnel detection, perimeter security, and geohazard detection systems for application in near-shore areas common to INDOPACOM. This effort was consolidated from Program Element 0602182A (C3I Applied Research) / Project CX6 (Subterranean Detection and Monitoring Apl Tech) to combine passive protection capabilities into a project.	-	-	2.000
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	2.710	4.156	6.077

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

N/A

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602144A / Ground Technology	Project (Number/Name) BL7 / Power Projection in A2AD Environments Technology
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
BL7: Power Projection in A2AD Environments Technology	-	2.127	4.103	6.722	-	6.722	10.130	9.453	14.825	13.695	0.000	61.055

Note

In FY 2026, Project BL7 (Power Projection in A2AD Environments Technology) includes a new effort "Maritime Contested Logistics". This effort is a new start in FY

2026.

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project designs and develops technologies to determine entry and maneuver corridors during all seasonal conditions including enhanced automated route reconnaissance technologies, ground vehicle mobility models, road capacity assessment technologies, and materiel solutions for enhancing maneuver and sustainment across air/land/sea domains. This research investigates and develops standoff robotic capabilities for Combat Engineers to reduce Soldier/Engineer risks and fatalities while conducting activities essential to shaping the environment to support movement and maneuver. This research will develop and validate threat detection capabilities against bio-engineered threats in the environment and investigate standoff threat detection capabilities enabling secure movement and maneuver. This project designs and develops material solutions to repair, rebuild and construct infrastructure required for movement and maneuver in highly contested, complex operational environments.

Work in this PE complements PE 0603119A (Ground Advanced Technology) / Project BL8 (Power Projection in A2AD Environments Adv Tech).

Work in this project supports the Army Science and Technology Ground Portfolio.

Work in this project is performed by the United States Army Engineer Research and Development Center Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, and Environmental Laboratory.

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Force Projection in Multi-Domain Operations Description: This effort develops capabilities for maneuver across air/land/sea domains using Combat Engineer assets to assess, modify, and upgrade transitional regions (such as beaches and coastal swamps) critical to force projection. Develops new methodologies for reconnaissance and analysis methods to provide predictive capabilities for selecting and prioritizing maneuver corridors for ground forces. Develops technologies that enable movement and maneuver through expanded terrain environments (i.e., soil stabilization) for distributed operations. FY 2026 Plans:	2.127	3.583	2.548

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602144A / Ground Technology	Project (Number/Name) BL7 / Power Projection in A2AD Environments Technology

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Will investigate lightweight fill alternatives and develop scaled designs of materials for marsh soil site stabilization for military vehicle mobility; will develop algorithms for vehicle mobility predictions in littoral regions. Will validate approaches for remote soil classification. FY 2027 Plans: Will develop scaled designs of materials for maneuver across irregular terrain; will investigate techniques for preparing terrain for over the shore operations; will explore data sources for decision aids related to engineering requirements for beach assault locations. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects completion of scaled designs of materials for marsh soil site stabilization and algorithms for vehicle mobility predictions in littoral regions.
Title: Maritime Contested Logistics Description: This effort investigates and develops algorithms and techniques for understanding maritime littoral regions using sensing technologies available for tactical platforms and standoff assessment. New techniques are investigated to enable characterization of contested littoral environments from safe distances for automating environment characterization from multi-modal satellite data, rapid littoral modeling, and vessel-based hazard detection systems. FY 2026 Plans: Will investigate data feeds and sensor processing algorithms for characterizing contested near-shore bathymetry conditions for modeling operational environments to enable military landing operations in littoral regions. FY 2027 Plans: Will mature sensor data feeds and processing algorithms and conduct site investigations to provide ground-truth data for model validation; will investigate technologies for forecasting impacts to navigation from environmental factors; will develop algorithms for detection of hazards to navigation. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding increase reflects planned addition of workflows to mature sensor data feeds and algorithms validated through ground-truth data, investigate impacts to navigation from environmental factors, and develop algorithms for detection of navigation hazards.	-	0.520	1.530
Title: Advancing Threat Detection Capabilities in Mission Critical Environments	-	-	1.597

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602144A / Ground Technology	Project (Number/Name) BL7 / Power Projection in A2AD Environments Technology

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Description: This task advances new capabilities that expand threat detection by developing system and sensor suites capable of detecting multisource hazards-including biological, chemical, radiological, and energetic threats from adversarial release or present in the operational environment. FY 2027 Plans: Will develop initial algorithm parameters designed to identify multisource hazards utilizing Commercial Off-The-Shelf Technology (COTs) based systems. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: FY 2027 funding increase develops initial algorithm parameters designed to identify multisource hazards. This effort was consolidated from Program Element 0602144A (Ground Technology) / Project DI7 (Environmental Security Resilience Tech) to combine power projection capabilities into a project.
Title: Machine Teaming for Engineer Operations Description: This research investigates and develops unmanned standoff Engineer capabilities that can work within the same area of interest as a coordinated team. This will reduce Soldier/Engineer risks and fatalities while conducting activities essential to shaping the environment. It will increase Engineer capacity by enabling a single operator to execute tasks utilizing multiple platforms, simultaneously. The effort will design and develop an oversight system that will plan, schedule, and track progress of tasks executed by individual platforms. The effort will also determine the appropriate communication and coordination required between platforms to ensure the safety of personnel and equipment within an area of interest. This effort will support the development, testing, and evaluation of prototypical unmanned Combat Engineer equipment. FY 2027 Plans: Will initiate development of machine-learning based capabilities for select pieces of Engineer equipment to self-coordinate and accomplish a collective task. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: FY 2027 funding increase is due to the initiation of this effort to develop machine-learning based capabilities for select pieces of Engineer equipment to self-coordinate and accomplish a collective task. This effort was consolidated from Program Element 0602144A (Ground Technology) / Project BK7 (Robotics for Engineer Operations Technology) to combine force projection capabilities into a project. This will generate efficiencies within the project and enable flexibility as mission needs change.	-	-	1.047
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	2.127	4.103	6.722

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602144A / Ground Technology	Project (Number/Name) BL7 / Power Projection in A2AD Environments Technology

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions) Remarks

N/A

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602144A / Ground Technology	Project (Number/Name) BL9 / Protection from Advanced Weapon Effects Technology
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
BL9: Protection from Advanced Weapon Effects Technology	-	5.033	4.778	5.245	-	5.245	7.267	6.862	6.276	6.337	0.000	41.798

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project designs and develops structural hardening, high-performance computing capabilities, and force protection technologies to enhance survivability of personnel

and critical assets. This project investigates and develops advanced materials for protection against blast, fragmentation, and penetration through physical experiments

and modeling and simulation. Additionally, this project investigates, designs, and develops passive protection technologies and protective design criteria to mitigate

attack from emerging advanced threats.

Work in this Program Element (PE) complements PE 0603119A (Ground Advanced Technology) / Project BM1 (Protection from Advanced Weapon Effects Adv Tech).

Work in this project is performed by the United States Army Engineer Research and Development Center Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory.

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Advanced Materials and Modeling for Force Protection Description: This effort designs and develops capabilities in the use of poorly-understood and indigenous materials. This effort develops multi-scale material modeling frameworks incorporating physics of deformation and damage mechanisms; a 3D multi-physics material modeling capability to allow for weapons effects models to be informed by remote sensing; and advanced material technologies for force protection. FY 2026 Plans: Will complete validation of materials-by-design tools as well as constitutive models, model parameters, force protection materials, and manufacturing approaches for transition to system-level demonstrations and stakeholder design and analysis tools. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects conclusion of this effort.	1.598	1.568	-
Title: Protection from Advanced Penetrators Description: This effort designs and develops protective material solutions and enhances modeling and simulation (M&S) tools for designing, analyzing and improving these advanced protective materials to be used in large hardened protective structures; investigates and validates computational models and passive protective solutions for large hardened structures from advanced precision penetrating threat weapons. FY 2026 Plans:	3.435	3.210	-

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602144A / Ground Technology	Project (Number/Name) BL9 / Protection from Advanced Weapon Effects Technology

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Will develop subscale concepts to protect against advanced penetrators. Will conduct experiments on subscale protective concepts to validate M&S tools for increased impact velocities and detonations of explosive charges embedded in advanced penetrating weapons. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects conclusion of this effort.
Title: Multi-functional Materials for Protection Description: This effort develops multi-scale computational and experimental tools for material by design of multi-functional material systems for protection applications, integrates kinetic and non-kinetic protection for materials, and develops new multi-physics modeling codes. FY 2027 Plans: Will develop and refine material constitutive models and algorithms for computational tools to enhance protective material performance under dynamic loading conditions and kinetic effects. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: FY 2027 funding increase due to initiation of effort. Effort will develop and refine material constitutive models and algorithms for computational tools to enhance protective material performance.	-	-	1.487
Title: Protection from Emerging Weapons Description: This effort develops protective material solutions and complex penetration environments for hardened structures against peer and near peer adversaries' emerging weapons. Will develop advanced material solutions, new defeat mechanisms for hardened structures, and M&S tools for the analysis of combined effects of embedded detonations of advanced and emerging penetrators. FY 2027 Plans: Will investigate material solutions and structural components for use in hardened protective structures to mitigate weapons effects and to influence the behavior and resulting response of an emerging threat weapon. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: FY 2027 funding increase due to initiation of effort. Effort will investigate material solutions and structural components for use in hardened protective structures to mitigate weapons effects.	-	-	3.758
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	5.033	4.778	5.245

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602144A / Ground Technology	Project (Number/Name) BL9 / Protection from Advanced Weapon Effects Technology

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

N/A

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602144A / Ground Technology	Project (Number/Name) BN8 / Ground Technology Materials(CA)
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
BN8: Ground Technology Materials(CA)	-	91.300	74.500	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	165.800

Note

Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Ground Technology Materials.

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Ground Technology Materials.

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026
Congressional Add: Carbon nanomaterials as functional additives FY 2025 Accomplishments: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Carbon nanomaterials as functional additives FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Carbon nanomaterials as functional additives	6.500	3.250
Congressional Add: Integrity of transparent armor FY 2025 Accomplishments: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Integrity of transparent armor	5.000	-
Congressional Add: Rapid advanced deposition FY 2025 Accomplishments: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Rapid advanced deposition	10.000	-
Congressional Add: Ceramic materials for extreme environments FY 2025 Accomplishments: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Ceramic materials for extreme environments	4.000	-
Congressional Add: Polar proving ground FY 2025 Accomplishments: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Polar proving ground FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Polar proving ground	5.000	5.000
Congressional Add: Protective coatings FY 2025 Accomplishments: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Protective coatings FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Protective coatings	6.000	6.000
Congressional Add: Scaling of lightweight metallurgical development	5.000	-

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602144A / Ground Technology	Project (Number/Name) BN8 / Ground Technology Materials(CA)

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026
FY 2025 Accomplishments: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Scaling of lightweight metallurgical development
Congressional Add: 2D polymer scalable manufacturing FY 2025 Accomplishments: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for 2D polymer scalable manufacturing FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for 2D polymer scalable manufacturing	5.000	4.000
Congressional Add: Critical hybrid advanced manufacturing processes FY 2025 Accomplishments: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Critical hybrid advanced manufacturing processes	7.500	-
Congressional Add: High deposition structural alloy FY 2025 Accomplishments: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for High deposition structural alloy	12.500	-
Congressional Add: Multimodal pavement scanner array FY 2025 Accomplishments: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Multimodal pavement scanner array	2.800	-
Congressional Add: Reuse consortium for water resiliency at installations FY 2025 Accomplishments: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Reuse consortium for water resiliency at installations	5.000	-
Congressional Add: Soil stabilization FY 2025 Accomplishments: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Soil stabilization	4.000	-
Congressional Add: Sustainable solutions for coatings FY 2025 Accomplishments: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Sustainable solutions for coatings	5.000	-
Congressional Add: Weather forecasting for real time decisions FY 2025 Accomplishments: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Weather forecasting for real time decisions FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Weather forecasting for real time decisions	5.000	5.000
Congressional Add: Windstorm resilience for facilities	3.000	-

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602144A / Ground Technology	Project (Number/Name) BN8 / Ground Technology Materials(CA)

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026
FY 2025 Accomplishments: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Windstorm resilience for facilities
Congressional Add: Accelerated Carbonization Soil Stabilization FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Accelerated Carbonization Soil Stabilization	-	2.500
Congressional Add: Ai Approach For Additive Manufacturing Of Ground Vehicles FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Ai Approach For Additive Manufacturing Of Ground Vehicles	-	3.000
Congressional Add: Arctic Geotechnical Intelligence And Analytics Network FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Arctic Geotechnical Intelligence And Analytics Network	-	2.000
Congressional Add: Biomaterials For Ground Infrastructure Reinforcement FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Biomaterials For Ground Infrastructure Reinforcement	-	5.000
Congressional Add: Critical Hybrid Advanced Manufacturing Processing FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Critical Hybrid Advanced Manufacturing Processing	-	8.000
Congressional Add: Development Of Roadway Repair Materials FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Development Of Roadway Repair Materials	-	3.000
Congressional Add: Electrolyzer Technology FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Electrolyzer Technology	-	2.000
Congressional Add: High-Throughput Composites Manufacturing FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for High-Throughput Composites Manufacturing	-	5.000
Congressional Add: Integrated modeling and simulation system FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Integrated modeling and simulation system	-	1.750
Congressional Add: Microbial Biomanufacturing FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Microbial Biomanufacturing	-	3.000
Congressional Add: Novel Metal Additive Manufacturing System	-	2.000

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602144A / Ground Technology	Project (Number/Name) BN8 / Ground Technology Materials(CA)

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026
FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Novel Metal Additive Manufacturing System
Congressional Add: Rapid advanced deposition research FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Rapid advanced deposition research	-	10.000
Congressional Add: Resilient Energy System Solutions For Extremely Cold Regions FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Resilient Energy System Solutions For Extremely Cold Regions	-	3.000
Congressional Add: Respiratory Models For Aerosol Threat Assessment FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Respiratory Models For Aerosol Threat Assessment	-	1.000
Congressional Adds Subtotals	91.300	74.500

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602144A / Ground Technology	Project (Number/Name) CG7 / Ground Protection Concepts and Technologies
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
CG7: Ground Protection Concepts and Technologies	-	8.306	9.859	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	18.165

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project investigates advanced materials and mechanisms to defeat the most common and most dangerous threats that are expected to be encountered by our

ground forces in near-, mid-, and far-term. This project also designs and develops experimental and computational tools and techniques (high resolution instrumentation

to observe impact events, theories, and algorithms to explain these phenomena and numerical implementation of these algorithms) for the development of mass-

efficient armor mechanisms. This project designs and develops armor mechanisms that will be integrated to create multi-threat armor technologies and form the

building blocks for Adaptive and Cooperative Protection Technologies in the Advanced Concepts for Active Defense Project (Program Element (PE) 0602145A Next

Generation Combat Vehicle Technology). Additionally, research will focus on subcomponent/component models to predict performance of early concepts and the means

to assess effectiveness on ground platforms. The project will balance designs and developments of active threat defeat measures with the necessary advanced passive

and reactive components that will ultimately provide for full system solutions which meet the requirements of current and next generation ground tactical and combat

vehicles.

This project is coordinated with and transitions to Projects in PE 0603462A (Next Generation Combat Vehicle Advanced Technology), PE 0602145A (Next Generation Combat Vehicle Technology), and builds upon weapon target interaction research in PE 0601102A (Defense Research Sciences) / Project AA7 (Mechanics and Ballistics).

Work in this project is performed by the Army Research Laboratory (ARL).

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Advanced Armor and Protection Technologies Description: This effort designs and develops the next generation of lightweight protective concepts and technologies for defeat of current and future threats by combining real-time information and threat knowledge to provide increased protection. This effort investigates the fundamental physics of new terminal effects concepts and provides an understanding of interaction between the platform's defeat mechanism and the threat. The effort also investigates the ability to analytically simulate complex threat interactions. Experiments will be conducted to validate the efficacy of the designs. FY 2026 Plans:	3.101	4.508	-

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602144A / Ground Technology	Project (Number/Name) CG7 / Ground Protection Concepts and Technologies

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Will investigate automated armor design methodology optimized against a specific threat of interest while providing sufficient protection against current and emerging threats; investigate scaling behavior in aluminum alloys; assess the current state of constitutive models used for high-rate behavior of metals and provide recommendations for model parameters and improvements. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects realignment to Program Element (PE) 0602145A (Next Generation Combat Vehicle Technology) / Project BG6 (Advanced Concepts for Active Defense Technology) to streamline and optimize the Science & Technology (S&T) portfolio.
Title: Computational and Experimental Capability Description: This effort will design and develop computational design tools along with diagnostic and experimental capabilities that support the development of advanced protection systems. Such systems include passive, active, and hybrid solutions for defeating (multiple) anti-armor threats and exploit solid-dynamic, explosive-driven, and magneto-hydrodynamic target interactions. This work allows for predicting armor performance and understanding mechanisms regardless of vehicle platform, with improved and quantified confidence. This effort leverages the DoW and Department of Energy (DoE) Technical Coordination Group Memorandum of Agreement and directly leverages DoE investments in computational platforms for problems in solid dynamics and impact mechanics. FY 2026 Plans: Will explore low cost optical module for adaptive range control for advanced diagnostics; expand armor database and machine learning knowledge products; explore advanced active imaging techniques for penetration diagnostics of terminal effect events; design and develop enhanced Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian General Research Applications (ALEGRA) codes and tools for use on DoW high performance computing (DoW HPC) machines; investigate directed energy for use in terminal effects diagnostics FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects realignment to Program Element (PE) 0602145A (Next Generation Combat Vehicle Technology) / Project BG6 (Advanced Concepts for Active Defense Technology) to streamline and optimize the Science & Technology (S&T) portfolio.	5.205	5.351	-
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	8.306	9.859	-

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602144A / Ground Technology	Project (Number/Name) CG7 / Ground Protection Concepts and Technologies

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602144A / Ground Technology	Project (Number/Name) CG8 / Human Autonomy Teaming
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
CG8: Human Autonomy Teaming	-	9.131	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	9.131

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project performs applied research for capabilities that support teams of Soldier and Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enabled systems to execute missions in complex,

dynamic, multi-domain operations environments. Centered on ground vehicle mission planning and operations, this project is focused on core technologies to enable

Soldiers and AI-enabled systems to function as a team, to perform at high levels, and to adapt to adversarial actions and new mission requirements. This project will

enable future Soldiers with AI-enabled systems to perform complex missions with increasingly sophisticated technologies, and in increasingly complex, dynamic,

sociotechnical environments. The applied research will provide the fundamental technologies to enable scalable Soldier-AI teams and team-centered dynamic tasking

to effectively utilize the full capabilities of team and technologies. The research will include considerations to reduce data requirements for AI adaptation, increasing

appropriate Soldier trust and use of technology, and ensuring ethical behavior by teams of Soldier and AI-enabled systems. The capabilities created by this research will

lead to increased overall Soldier-AI team mission performance, improved Soldier-centric situation awareness technologies, and units that can effectively integrate within

a multi-domain battlefield.

Work in this project is coordinated with PE 0602145A (Next Generation Combat Vehicle Technology), PE 0603462A (Next Generation Combat Vehicle Advanced Technology) and PE 0602143A (Soldier Lethality Technology).

Work in this project supports the Army Science and Technology Ground and Next Generation Combat Vehicle portfolios.

Work in this project is performed by the Army Research Laboratory (ARL).

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Enabling Soldier-AI Technology Adaptation Description: This effort designs and develops technologies to rapidly adapt and upgrade AI-enabled system capabilities in response to advancements in AI in the commercial and adversary environments. Focus areas include enabling rapid technology adaption during Soldier experimentation and enabling data to be collected during these events for rapid development of technology updates and modifications. This effort has four goals: 1) increasing the ability of Soldier-AI teams to rapidly adapt to adversarial actions, new technologies, environmental changes, and mission requirements; 2) decreasing the data requirements to train and adapt AI-enabled systems; 3) increasing appropriate Soldier trust and use of technology; and 4) ensuring ethical decisions by using Soldiers to guide the actions and in-field adaptations of Soldier-AI team behaviors.	3.420	-	-
Title: Soldier-AI-Enabled System Team Operational Planning	2.656	-	-

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602144A / Ground Technology	Project (Number/Name) CG8 / Human Autonomy Teaming

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Description: This effort focuses on complementary Soldier and machine capabilities that support the rapid planning and replanning of higher-echelon distributed operations. This effort will provide capabilities for distributed Soldier-AI-enabled system teams to rapidly adapt within complex, dynamic, multi-domain environments and identify fleeting windows of opportunity. This effort has four goals: (1) enable Soldier-AI-enabled system teams to rapidly generate mission plans, (2) enable Soldier-AI-enabled system teams to assess mission plans, (3) enable Soldier-AI-enabled system teams to continuously analyze mission progress and predict outcomes and the potential need to re-plan, and (4) identify necessary changes to operational structure and skills caused by the introduction of AI-based systems and tools.
Title: Soldier-AI-Enabled System Team Tactical Planning Description: This effort focuses on complementary Soldier and machine capabilities that support rapid adaptive command and control (C2) of lower-echelon distributed operations. This effort designs and develops capabilities that support teams of Soldiers and AI-enabled systems to conduct tactical C2 in complex, dynamic, multi-domain environments. Focused on ground vehicle centric missions, this effort will research core technologies to enable Soldiers and AI-enabled systems to lead isolated units capable of exploiting narrow windows of opportunity by creating and adapting coordinated team behaviors across mission phases. This effort will focus on four goals: (1) enabling coordinated Soldier-AI-enabled system pre-mission planning within constraints of higher echelon plans, (2) enabling within-mission adaptation of mission plans, (3) developing tools and techniques for after-action review-based adaptation of coordinated Soldier-AI-enabled system team behaviors, and (4) identifying necessary changes to team structure and skills caused by the introduction of AI-based systems and tools.	3.055	-	-
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	9.131	-	-

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602144A / Ground Technology	Project (Number/Name) CI2 / Ground Enabling University Applied Research
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
CI2: Ground Enabling University Applied Research	-	3.882	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	3.882

Note

In FY 2026, a portion of funds are realigned from PE 0602144A (Ground Technology) / Project CI2 (Ground Enabling University Applied Research) to PE 0603462A

(Next Generation Combat Vehicle Advanced Technology) / Project BF4 (Combat Vehicle Robotics Adv Tech).

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

The project leverages applied research from academia, in the focus areas of ground autonomy, Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning (AI/ML) and robotics, occupant/ vehicle survivability and other ground platform technologies of importance to the Army. This project performs discovery research efforts to focus more on mid to far-term Army modernization priorities while also maintaining delivery of near-term technologies critical to the next generation combat vehicles. This project focuses on employment of research technologies originating from extramural applied research in academia pertaining to navigation/routing, autonomous robotic vehicles with the use of artificial intelligence and machine learning as applied to ground mobility and maneuver, and other innovative ground enabling applied research technologies. This effort conducts applied research and development leading to potential emerging technologies in areas of strategic importance to the Army in autonomy, robotics and AI/ML, protection of both platform and occupant, and other ground platform technologies in propulsion, survivability, powertrain, etc., by bringing competitively selected Universities with research and development teams into Technical Alliances.

Work in this project complements Program Element (PE) 0603119A (Ground Advanced Technology), PE 0602145A (Next Generation Combat Vehicle Technology) and PE 0603462A (Next Generation Combat Vehicle Advanced Technology).

Work in this project is performed by the Army Research Laboratory (ARL).

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Robust autonomous capabilities for ground vehicles Description: This effort investigates AI/ML and autonomous mobility-enabled ground vehicles to conduct off-road maneuvers to transition from tele-operated to either autonomous, or semi-autonomous scenarios. This effort improves autonomous behaviors and reduces the need for human interaction during operation. Research is conducted in collaboration with university partners to advance autonomous mobility and protection of both occupant and platform in optionally manned and autonomous ground vehicles.	2.358	-	-
Title: Human-robot/AI interactions Description: This effort designs and develops systems involving physical and cognitive levels of interactions between humans and robots, with the use of reinforcement learning (an area of ML research) from human feedback, learning from demonstration,	1.524	-	-

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602144A / Ground Technology	Project (Number/Name) CI2 / Ground Enabling University Applied Research

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
and safe human-aware controllers. Work is conducted in collaboration with university partners to advance autonomous mobility as well as other areas of ground platform technologies in propulsion, survivability, powertrain, etc. The benefit of this effort is improvements to machine learning and artificial intelligence with human-robot interactions.
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	3.882	-	-

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602144A / Ground Technology	Project (Number/Name) CV3 / Engineer Enablers Maneuver, LOG, & Sustainment Apl
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
CV3: Engineer Enablers	-	1.239	4.166	4.068	-	4.068	7.160	7.965	3.331	3.425	0.000	31.354
Maneuver, LOG, & Sustainment
Apl

Note

In FY 2026, Project CV3 (Engineer Enablers Maneuver, LOG, & Sustainment Apl) includes a new effort "Worldwide Gap Analysis Program Tech". This effort is a new

start in FY 2026.

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This effort designs and develops decision support capabilities coupled with materiel solutions to modernize distributed logistics resupply, gap crossing site selection, and protection of personnel and critical assets associated with gap crossing operations. The project determines the impacts of distributed operations on logistics and resupply routing and gap crossing site selection using complex algorithms accounting for terrain, hydrologic concerns, and dynamic environmental conditions. Physical protection countermeasures supplemented by passive, persistent sensing technologies will be investigated and validated in support of gap crossing operations and future engineer and sustainment operations.

Work in this project complements Program Element (PE) 0603119A (Ground Advanced Technology) / Project CV5 (Engineer Enablers Maneuver, LOG, & Sustainment Adv).

Work is performed at the United States Army Engineer Research and Development Center Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory, Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory, Environmental Laboratory, Geotechnical Research Laboratory, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, and Information Technology Laboratory.

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Planning Logistics Analysis Network System Applied Research Description: This effort will design and develop new engineering applications and methodologies that support improved logistics planning via distributed networks, investigate methods to link existing data describing complex environmental features that impact planning into engineer applications, and design new automated algorithm technologies to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the planning decision making. FY 2026 Plans:	1.239	1.148	-

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602144A / Ground Technology	Project (Number/Name) CV3 / Engineer Enablers Maneuver, LOG, & Sustainment Apl

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Will investigate inclusion of road degradation and validate multi-modal, multi-route algorithms for distributed logistics planning operations across a transportation network by conducting multiple experiments. Will mature components of the road routing algorithms. Will complete development of knowledge products documenting riverine and rail routing algorithms. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects planned milestones and conclusion of this effort.
Title: Worldwide Gap Analysis Program Tech Description: This effort will design and develop new engineering applications and methodologies that support distributed operations through investigation of methods to quickly identify feasible locations and times for dispersed gap crossing using existing infrastructure, standard bridging, ground vehicle fording, rafting, and/or swimming operations. This includes incorporation of complex environmental factors and Subject Matter Expert solutions for use by non-expert users in order to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the planning and decision-making processes. FY 2026 Plans: Will investigate needed inputs and data variables across multiple fields of expertise necessary to select gap crossing sites; will design and develop a framework for combining critical, near real-time data with historical datasets for gap crossing analysis. FY 2027 Plans: Will design and develop algorithms for gap crossing components for individual modules including mobility corridor development, streamflow characterization, and site preparation within the gap crossing site selection decision support capability; Will design and develop decision logic criteria to down select between crossing sites based on crossing type; will begin incorporation of dynamic data information for hydrology considerations. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding increase reflects economic adjustments.	-	3.018	3.063
Title: Gap Crossing Survivability Tech Description: This effort will develop physical protection countermeasures and support capabilities to aid in the development of deception and protection plans for personnel and critical assets involved in gap crossing operations. This includes considerations for factors such as terrain, dispersion, and passive physical protection. FY 2027 Plans:	-	-	1.005

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602144A / Ground Technology	Project (Number/Name) CV3 / Engineer Enablers Maneuver, LOG, & Sustainment Apl

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Will investigate algorithms and methodologies for protection and deception countermeasures for personnel and critical assets associated with gap crossing operations. Will analyze current doctrine and operational approaches for incorporation into future decision criteria. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: FY 2027 funding increase is due to initiation of the task to address gaps in existing protection and deception measures for Army gap crossing operations.
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	1.239	4.166	4.068

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602144A / Ground Technology	Project (Number/Name) DA1 / SAFR Alternatives for Readiness Applied Research
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
DA1: SAFR Alternatives for Readiness Applied Research	-	3.878	6.251	1.052	-	1.052	3.900	3.940	3.993	4.043	0.000	27.057

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project will develop safer alternative technologies that enable Army readiness, support supply chain resilience, improve Soldier and worker safety and reduce

environmental impacts, including reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. The project investigates alternatives for cross-cutting materials, undergoing or threatened

by regulatory scrutiny, found in ground vehicles and all other types of Army weapon systems. Research areas of focus include alloys, ceramics, composites, textiles,

maintenance fluids, propellants, explosives, and pyrotechnics. This work addresses increasing threats to readiness associated with carcinogenic, toxic, and restricted

materials such as lead, beryllium, perchlorates, volatile organic compounds and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) (forever chemicals), which can diminish

Soldier and community health, restrict training and interrupt critical maintenance activities. Future liabilities and risks are characterized early in the life cycle of material

development to ensure truly sustainable alternatives. This project also investigates, develops and designs technologies to allow Soldiers to rapidly prioritize risk for

PFAS to enable informed, timely and cost-effective solutions.

This project complements and transitions technologies to Program Element (PE) 0603119A (Ground Advanced Technology) / Project DA2 (SAFR Alternatives for Readiness Advanced Tech).

Work in this project is performed by the Army Research Laboratory (ARL); the Armaments Center (AC); the Aviation and Missile Center (AvMC); the Soldier Center (SC); the Ground Vehicle Systems Center (GVSC); and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC).

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Safer Alternatives for Readiness (SAFR) Applied Research Description: Design and develop novel cross-cutting solutions to eliminate Soldier and worker exposure to airborne lead from energetic materials; efficiently and safely demilitarize materiel; support the next generation of enhanced and sustainable munitions; reduce the use of toxic and hazardous chemicals in cleaners, degreasers, lubricants and fluids to ensure Soldier and ground vehicle readiness; and minimize the life cycle health and safety risks associated with emerging high-performance materials. FY 2026 Plans: Will investigate durable water repellant and/or oil repellant coatings for textiles; develop novel plasticizers for energetic materials to enable lead-free rocket propellants; and research PFAS-free fluids and barrier membranes for energetic formulations. FY 2027 Plans:	3.878	4.765	1.052

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602144A / Ground Technology	Project (Number/Name) DA1 / SAFR Alternatives for Readiness Applied Research

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Will develop novel plasticizers for energetic materials to enable lead-free rocket propellants; evaluate corrosion performance of conventional materials as well as additively manufactured substrates. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects termination in durable water repellant and/or oil repellant coatings for textiles efforts.
Title: Corrosion Control App Research Description: Design and develop cross-cutting methods and materials for improved corrosion prevention for future weapon systems and product improvements to fielded systems. Investigate improved techniques, processes, and technologies for corrosion assessment and correction through depot- and field-level maintenance. FY 2026 Plans: Will research processes for accelerated corrosion testing methods for lifecycle prediction of coating systems; determine the most effective corrosion protection methods for a variety of base materials, both ferrous and non-ferrous; conduct experiments on the mechanics of coating failure; and evaluate corrosion performance of conventional materials as well as additively manufactured substrates. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects termination in corrosion control and prevention initiatives.	-	1.486	-
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	3.878	6.251	1.052

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602144A / Ground Technology	Project (Number/Name) DG1 / Development of Obscurants
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete		Total Cost
DG1: Development of Obscurants	-	2.705	2.661	2.501	-	2.501	2.503	2.531	2.559	2.584	0.000		18.044

Note

In FY 2026, a portion of funds are realigned from PE 0602144A (Ground Technology) / Project DG1 (Development of Obscurants) to PE 0603462A (Next Generation

Combat Vehicle Advanced Technology) / Project BF4 (Combat Vehicle Robotics Adv Tech).

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project will investigate and evaluate obscurants (i.e., materials) and obscurant technologies that are designed to degrade threat force surveillance sensors and defeat the enemy's target acquisition devices, missile guidance, and directed energy weapons. This project investigates advanced, infra-red, and multi-spectral obscurant materials that will provide effective, safe, and efficient screening of deployed units and platforms.

Work in this project compliments Program Element (PE) 0602144A (Ground Technology) / Project DG2 (Advanced Development of Obscurants).

Work in this project is performed by the Chemical Biological Center (CBC).

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Obscuration Enabling Technologies Description: This effort investigates new materials and compounds to enable safe and effective screening of personnel and equipment across the electromagnetic spectrum. This effort also provides vulnerability assessments against enemy threat targeting systems. FY 2026 Plans: Will continue investigation of millimeter wave obscurant materials and dissemination methodologies. Will investigate obscurant material into safe and effective dissemination technology through the Screening and Obscuration Module. FY 2027 Plans: Will research multispectral obscuration materials and dissemination methodologies?and??down?select multispectral obscuration material.??Begin integrating into safe and effect dissemination technology through the Screening Obscuration Module FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects reduced number of materials and dissemination methodologies considered for down-select.	2.705	2.661	2.501
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	2.705	2.661	2.501

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

PE 0602144A: Ground TechnologyUNCLASSIFIEDArmyPage 39 of 43R-1 Line #12Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 ArmyDate: April 2026Appropriation/Budget Activity2040 / 2R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)PE 0602144A / Ground TechnologyProject (Number/Name)DG1 / Development of Obscurants

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602144A / Ground Technology	Project (Number/Name) DI7 / Environmental Security Resilience Tech
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
DI7: Environmental Security Resilience Tech	-	1.739	10.102	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	11.841

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project matures and demonstrates capabilities to support Army Environmental Security, providing decisions and support tools for critical mission environments to

address natural resource impediments, man-made stressors, extreme weather, and environmental engineering challenges that impact mission, infrastructure, training

activities, deployment staging or present security concerns to operations. Project capabilities span the functional domains of strategic support area management,

emergency preparedness, surge capacity, environmental impact on operations, and analysis of future operational environment and environmental threats. This effort will

provide new material solutions, models and decision support tools for operational planning and infrastructure management.

Work in this project complements PE 0603119A, Project DI8 (Environmental Security Resilience Adv Tech).

Work in this project is performed by the U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center Environmental Laboratory, Construction Research Engineering Laboratory, and the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory.

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Atmospheric Impacts for Lethality Overmatch Description: This effort conducts Army-centric applied research in atmospheric impacts and effects on DoW systems and operations. Technology development includes decision support systems for mission commanders, ensuring interoperability, and enhancing the ability to conduct air-ground reconnaissance and combined arms maneuver. FY 2026 Plans: Will conduct select field assessments at the Distributed Virtual Proving Ground - Multi-Sensor Array (MSA) and partner sites to focus on scenarios of buoyancy dominated turbulence (dry, quiescent conditions, thermal circulations dominant) where surface heterogenous surface fluxes are crucial to understand the impact of energy propagation; improve physical and numerical models that are representative of atmospheric effects based on MSA and select field assessment results; refine and advance investigation of sensing algorithms and strategies informed by atmospheric impacts on multi-modal (acoustic/radio frequency (RF)/optical/ electromagnetic (EM)) sensors applicable to detection, localization, and tracking; modify and refine techniques, methods, and models for the characterization of ambient atmospheric and threat aerosols (intentional/unintentional release) exploiting primarily optical techniques. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement:	1.573	3.040	-

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602144A / Ground Technology	Project (Number/Name) DI7 / Environmental Security Resilience Tech

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Funding decrease reflects the strategic reallocation of resources to support evolving priorities and objectives.
Title: Interagency Council for the Advancement of Meteorological Services Program Description: This effort supports the Army's collaboration in the Interagency Council for Advancing Meteorological Services (ICAMS), which was chartered in 2020 per the "Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Act of 2017" (Public Law 115-25, April 18, 2017). FY 2026 Plans: Will conduct forecast innovation and weather research based on Army operational environments and coordination with the ICAMS Program. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects the strategic reallocation of resources to support evolving priorities and objectives.	0.166	0.085	-
Title: Building Installation Resilience Carbon Sequestration and Reduction Description: This effort will develop and provide validated models for carbon accounting across Army natural lands to include the use of those lands. These models will provide a baseline of current carbon sequestration and quantify changes in sequestration capacity. FY 2026 Plans: Will investigate necessary parameters, through data analysis and model refinement, for modeling soil structural and chemical properties to understanding the impacts of ground training on Army natural lands. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects FY 2026 termination of effort.	-	0.431	-
Title: PFAS Risk Reduction Applied Research Description: This effort will develop a per- and polyfluorinated substances (PFAS) risk-based decision framework to enable rapid PFAS communication and risk decisions on Army installations. This effort will also establish a communications hub to provide distribution of PFAS decisions to Army installation managers. FY 2026 Plans: Will identify modular design reporting system architecture to host PFAS communications/resource hub and existing risk decision tools for installation managers. Will investigate parameters to validate PFAS modeling data. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement:	-	1.046	-

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602144A / Ground Technology	Project (Number/Name) DI7 / Environmental Security Resilience Tech

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Funding decrease reflects FY 2026 termination of effort.
Title: Securing Water Resources Description: This effort will develop tools for installation managers to assess and secure water resources. The tools will recommend decisions based on dynamic environmental considerations for water use and reuse. FY 2026 Plans: Will investigate hydrology models that support near- and long-term forecasting of water need and sources for installations. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease represents consolidation of effort to Program Element 0602144A/ Project CV3 Engineer Enablers for Contested Maneuver, Logistics and Sustainment to combine engineering functions into a project. This will generate efficiencies and enable flexibility as mission needs change.	-	1.087	-
Title: Biotech Threat In the Environment Description: This effort characterizes bio-engineered threats using bio-informatic screening for genetic sequences to determine if gene editing is potentially unsafe to the intended targets. FY 2026 Plans: Will conduct genomic research to identify DNA-sequence based features that identify genetic-engineering traces specifically in bio-threat species. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease represents consolidation of effort to PE 0602144A/ Project BL7 Power Projection in A2AD Environments Technology to combine power projection into a project.	-	1.336	-
Title: Ruggedized Unexploded Ordnance Ultra Light Electro-magnetic Array for Extreme Environments Tech Description: This effort will develop a multi-platform compatible ultra-light electromagnetic array to identify and classify metallic/ conventional unexploded ordnance in all operational environments, all terrains, and in all seasons. Updated systems will enable operations in ice- or snow-covered environments. FY 2026 Plans: Will investigate a platform agnostic ultra-light electromagnetic array and corresponding advanced processing algorithms to detect and classify metallic/conventional targets of interest in the subsurface. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement:	-	0.866	-

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602144A / Ground Technology	Project (Number/Name) DI7 / Environmental Security Resilience Tech

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Funding decrease represents consolidation of effort to PE 0602144A/ Project BL7 Power Projection in A2AD Environments Technology to combine power projection into a project.
Title: Environmental Security Applied Research Description: This effort conducts Army-focused environmental security applied research to include dynamics and changes in the atmospheric boundary layer in complex Multi-Domain Operations (MDO) environments (complex terrain and dense urban) with particular emphasis on the atmospheric surface layer and the land surface processes that effect the environmental state. Technology development includes decision support systems for mission commanders, ensuring interoperability, and enhancing the ability to plan air-ground reconnaissance and combined arms maneuver. FY 2026 Plans: Will apply results of teleconnection pattern correlation investigation (causal connections or correlations between meteorological or other environmental phenomena which occur a long distance apart) and the surface energy budget, specifically surface sensible and latent energy flux (Bowen Ratio) to improve computational tools for predicting the magnitude and impact of weather on operations, weapon systems, and personnel; research and examine flash drought effects and dust lofting-particles on Directed Energy (DE) signal propagation. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects the strategic reallocation of resources to support evolving priorities and objectives.	-	2.211	-
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	1.739	10.102	-

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040: Research, Development, Test & Evaluation, Army / BA 2: Applied Research	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602145A / Next Generation Combat Vehicle Technology
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
Total Program Element	-	167.383	169.297	70.540	-	70.540	71.848	84.192	89.183	90.632	0.000	743.075
BF3: Combat Vehicle Robotics Tech	-	18.474	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	18.474
BF6: Crew Augmentation and Optimization Tech	-	9.675	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	9.675
BF8: Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Tech	-	14.706	1.049	1.056	-	1.056	1.068	1.076	1.088	1.099	0.000	21.142
BF9: Sensors for Autonomous Operations and Surv Tech	-	24.720	23.207	23.022	-	23.022	27.380	32.403	29.674	30.535	0.000	190.941
BG2: Modeling and Simulation for MUMT Technology	-	4.113	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	4.113
BG6: Advanced Concepts for Active Defense Technology	-	29.889	29.047	38.102	-	38.102	31.984	41.527	49.164	49.649	0.000	269.362
BI2: Sensor Protection Technology	-	5.749	4.237	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	9.986
BJ2: Tactical and Navigation Lasers Sensors Technology	-	5.786	5.482	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	11.268
BK2: Virtual Prototyping Technology	-	7.042	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	7.042
BK5: Adv Direct In-Direct Armament Sys (ADIDAS) Tech	-	11.229	8.525	8.360	-	8.360	11.416	9.186	9.257	9.349	0.000	67.322
BP5: Ground Vehicle Technology (CA)	-	36.000	97.750	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	133.750

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This PE is directly aligned to the Next Generation Combat Vehicle (NGCV) Army Modernization Priority. This PE researches, designs, and evaluates combat vehicle

technologies that enable the Army to have a smarter, faster, more lethal, more precise, more protected, and more adaptable force. The focus is on building upon

the foundational vehicle architectures to support the Next Generation of Combat Vehicles, to include autonomy architecture, power architecture, vehicle electronic

architecture, physical architecture, lethality architecture and vehicle protection architecture. The research conducted will provide technologies to enable leap ahead

capabilities for manned, optionally manned and unmanned vehicles that deliver decisive lethality.

Exhibit R-2, RDT&E Budget Item Justification: PB 2027 ArmyDate: April 2026Appropriation/Budget Activity2040: Research, Development, Test & Evaluation, Army / BA 2: AppliedResearchR-1 Program Element (Number/Name)PE 0602145A / Next Generation Combat Vehicle Technology5.000-FY 2025FY 20265.00014.0007.00012.000

Work in this PE complements PE 0602141A (Lethality Technology), PE 0602144A (Ground Technology), PE 0602146A (Network C3I Technology), PE 0603116A (Lethality Advanced Technology), PE 0603119A (Ground Advanced Technology), PE 0603462A (Next Generation Combat Vehicle Advanced Technology), and PE 0603463A (Network C3I Advanced Technology).

Work in this PE will transition to PE 0603462A (Next Generation Combat Vehicle Advanced Technology).

The cited work is consistent with the Under Secretary of War for Research and Engineering Priority focus areas.

Work is performed by the Ground Vehicle System Center (GVSC); the Army Research Laboratory (ARL); the Command, Control, Computers, Communications, Cyber, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C5ISR) Center; the Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory; the Data and Analysis Center (DAC); and the Armaments Center (AC).

Overseas Operations Costs (OOC) funds this requirement in the amount of $1,041 thousand for FY 2025 Budget Estimate. Overseas Operations Costs (OOC) are those financed with former Overseas Contingency Operations (OCO) funding.

FY 2025 FY 2026 FY 2027 Base FY 2027 OOC FY 2027 Total B. Program Change Summary ($ in Millions)

Previous President's Budget 167.233 71.547 0.000 -0.000 Current President's Budget 167.383 169.297 70.540 -70.540 Total Adjustments 0.150 97.750 70.540 -70.540

• Congressional General Reductions --

• Congressional Directed Reductions --

• Congressional Rescissions -15.160 -• Congressional Adds 43.000 97.750

• Congressional Directed Transfers --

• Reprogrammings -26.657 -

• SBIR/STTR Transfer -1.033 -

• Adjustments to Budget Years --70.540 -70.540

Congressional Add Details ($ in Millions, and Includes General Reductions)

Project: BP5: Ground Vehicle Technology (CA) Congressional Add: Machine learning optimized power electronics Congressional Add: Silicon carbide electronics Congressional Add: Analytics and visualization of autonomous vehicle systems

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040: Research, Development, Test & Evaluation, Army / BA 2: Applied Research	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602145A / Next Generation Combat Vehicle Technology
Congressional Add Details ($ in Millions, and Includes General Reductions) Congressional Add: Autonomous vehicle research initiative Congressional Add: Standardized battery for enhanced performance Congressional Add: Vehicle power protection Congressional Add: Composite Vehicle Structures Congressional Add: Digital Manufacturing Modeling And Simulation Congressional Add: Digital manufacturing research for advanced power devices Congressional Add: Drop-Stitch/Structural System Research Congressional Add: Fast-Refueling Fuel Cell Engines Congressional Add: Large metal additive manufacturing for ground vehicles Congressional Add: Lightweight Prototype Congressional Add: Multimodal Human Machine Teaming Congressional Add: Non-traditional effects on cUAS Congressional Add: Novel reactive armor Congressional Add: Secure & Resilient Fuel [Surf] Congressional Add: Standardized Battery Congressional Add: Systems engineering for autonomous ground vehicles Congressional Add Subtotals for Project: BP5 Congressional Add Totals for all Projects	FY 2025	FY 2026
5.000	-
3.000	-
2.000	-
-	5.000
-	2.000
-	5.250
-	10.000
-	7.000
-	10.000
-	5.000
-	2.500
-	2.000
-	2.000
-	10.000
-	15.000
-	5.000
36.000	97.750
36.000	97.750

Change Summary Explanation

FY 2027 funding increase reflects the fact that the FY 2026 President's Budget request did not include out-year funding.

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602145A / Next Generation Combat V ehicle Technology	Project (Number/Name) BF3 / Combat Vehicle Robotics Tech
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
BF3: Combat Vehicle Robotics Tech	-	18.474	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	18.474

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project designs, develops, and evaluates a variety of innovative technologies that enable scalable integration of multi-domain robotic and autonomous system

capabilities teamed within Army formations supporting all combat warfighting functions (close combat, reconnaissance, targeting and acquisition, etc.). This project focus

areas include autonomous architecture, autonomous behaviors and perception, and soldier machine integration. Autonomous Behaviors efforts focus on enhancing the

performance of autonomy such as obstacle detection and avoidance. Soldier Machine integration efforts focus on design and development of technologies to become

more efficient and effective for a robotic operator to complete missions on government owned software.

This work is this project is done in coordination with PE 0603462A (Next Generation Combat Vehicle Advanced Technology) / Project BF4 (Combat Vehicle Robotics).

The cited work is consistent with the Under Secretary of War for Research and Engineering priority focus areas.

Work in this project is performed by Ground Vehicle System Center (GVSC).

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Autonomous Behaviors and Perception Description: This effort contributes to the NGCV Robotic Autonomous Strategy (RAS) to advance the mobility performance of autonomous systems within complex environments/ operations to allow for the completion of mission goals in separate and teaming configurations at varying levels of autonomy.	10.840	-	-
Title: Human Robotic Interaction Description: This effort contributes to the Next Generation Combat Vehicle Robotic Autonomous Strategy (NGCV RAS) to implement a focused approach to deliver optimized unmanned system and manned-unmanned system performance through reduced cognitive burden for the Soldier while maintaining real-time unmanned system status/activity, overall mission effectiveness, and predictive capability of the system's intended activity.	3.919	-	-
Title: M&S for Autonomy Enabled Ground Systems Description: This effort contributes to the NGCV RAS program by designing and developing modeling and simulation (M&S) tools for the development and evaluation of autonomy technologies. The effort designs and develops tools necessary to virtually evaluate Combat Vehicle Robotics (CoVeR) program autonomy algorithms. The capabilities and contents of the M&S tools will	2.049	-	-

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602145A / Next Generation Combat V ehicle Technology	Project (Number/Name) BF3 / Combat Vehicle Robotics Tech

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
emulate the CoVeR EET events conducted in PE 0603462A (Next Generation Ground Vehicle Advanced Technology) / Project BF4 (Combat Vehicle Robotics Adv Tech) and allowing these tools to scale on other Army and Department of War compute platforms.
Title: Small Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) as Deployable Sensor Description: This effort advances teaming between autonomous small Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs) and Next Generation Combat Vehicles (NGCV) to execute collaborative mission tasks in support of reconnaissance and clearing missions.	1.666	-	-
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	18.474	-	-

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602145A / Next Generation Combat V ehicle Technology	Project (Number/Name) BF6 / Crew Augmentation and Optimization Tech
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
BF6: Crew Augmentation and Optimization Tech	-	9.675	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	9.675

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project designs capabilities for reduced vehicle crew sizes to successfully operate a larger number of closed-hatch manned and remote unmanned vehicles in a

complex multi-domain operations environment. This project will enable future crews to perform missions with increasingly sophisticated technologies, and in increasingly

complex, dynamic socio-technical environments. The applied research will provide the fundamental technologies to enable integrated performance improved learning -

Warfighter Machine Interfaces (WMIs) that are scalable to multiple crew hardware and functional configurations; reconfigurable frameworks and simulation for concept

experimentation and exploration; and team-centered dynamic tasking by machine intelligence to effectively utilize full capabilities of crew and technologies. The research

will generate Soldier-informed data, reports, and analysis to support operational use in future vehicles through Soldier experimentation and assessment of technical

concepts in simulation and in-field WMIs. The capabilities created by this research will increase overall crew and team performance; improved Soldier safety due to

fewer Soldier per vehicle, closed-hatch operations, and improved standoff from effective control; and vehicles that can effectively conduct multiple domain operations.

Work in this project complements Program Element (PE) 0603462A (Next Generation Combat Vehicle Advanced Technology) and PE 0602143A (Soldier Lethality Technology).

Work in this project is performed by the Ground Vehicle System Center (GVSC) and the Army Research Laboratory (ARL).

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Crew Capability Enhancement Description: This effort focuses on the dynamic interaction of Soldiers, responsible for both manned and unmanned ground vehicles, working together within a platoon formation. The project funds research on the simultaneous use of multiple technologies by Soldiers including transparent multi-modal user interfaces, commander's tools for maintaining and enhancing situation awareness, decision aids for enabling dynamic resource allocation and orchestration, and tools to interact with and adapt vehicle based autonomy. Products will include artificial intelligence algorithms, information display technologies, and team-centric design principles.	2.668	-	-
Title: Characterize Soldier-Adaptive AI Interactions Description: This effort develops approaches for characterizing Soldier interactions and overall human-system performance of mixed Soldier and intelligent-agent teams to enable robust human system performance for manned and unmanned teams. This effort will focus on flexible, tailorable methodologies for laboratory-grade, high-resolution characterization of Soldier and Artificial Intelligence (AI) enabled intelligent-agent adaption in complex environments.	2.626	-	-

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602145A / Next Generation Combat V ehicle Technology	Project (Number/Name) BF6 / Crew Augmentation and Optimization Tech

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Human Augmentation for Collective Training Description: This effort investigates assessment techniques of crew performance to inform the development of individual and collective training for military vehicles. Assessment techniques will be applicable across a variety of vehicle platforms, training tasks and vehicle crew roles. This effort will support training and increased force readiness of vehicle crews in complex environments by developing accurate and efficient performance assessment techniques evaluated in complex Operational Environments (OE) enabled by the latest advances in simulation and training technology.	0.717	-	-
Title: Crew Interaction Interfaces and Technologies Description: This effort focuses on the design and development of crew interaction interfaces and intelligent technologies. It includes WMI modification to improve cross-platform situational awareness and enables real-time, data-driven prediction of the crew to support changing mission goals.	3.664	-	-
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	9.675	-	-

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602145A / Next Generation Combat V ehicle Technology	Project (Number/Name) BF8 / Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Tech
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
BF8: Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Tech	-	14.706	1.049	1.056	-	1.056	1.068	1.076	1.088	1.099	0.000	21.142

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project develops and characterizes artificial intelligence and machine learning software and algorithms to team with soldiers in support of fully autonomous

maneuver of the Next Generation Combat Vehicle (NGCV) and other autonomous systems, both physical and non-embodied. Efforts develop capabilities for NGCV and

other autonomous agents that increase autonomy, unburdening the soldier operator, with a high degree of survivability and lethality in a highly contested environment.

This work also investigates power distribution and conversion technologies to provide compact, efficient, and high-power capabilities for electrical and electro

mechanical loads supporting both mobile and stationary unmanned platforms. Research enables combat vehicles to rapidly learn, adapt, and reason faster than

the adversary; accomplish missions in contested, austere and congested environments, characterized by lack of structure, adversarial actions, and minimal a priori

knowledge; and provide force reduction through self-learning vehicles that can operate in complex militarily relevant environments. This project also matures emerging

research leading to potential technology development in areas of strategic importance to the Army by bringing competitively selected Universities with research teams

into Technical Alliances.

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Scalable, Adaptive, and Resilient Autonomous Systems Description: This effort develops emerging research in Autonomous Vehicle intelligence and decision making, human agent teaming, scalable and collaborative behaviors, embodied and embedded intelligence, and autonomous operations for next generation Army platforms in dynamic Army relevant environments, architectures, and missions. Specific focus will be on the application of Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning (AI/ML) to autonomous systems and human-intelligent agent teaming; scalable and collaborative behaviors in support of heterogeneous air and ground manned-unmanned teaming (MUM-T) operations; methods for embodied and embedded intelligence for increased understanding, manipulation, and reflexive maneuver through and interaction with dynamic environments; techniques for improved perception, decision making, and adaptive behaviors in contested environments for MUM-T; and new methods for testing and evaluating emerging technologies for intelligent and autonomous systems under Army relevant constraints and environments and in Army relevant architectures.	4.290	-	-
Title: Context-Based Information Dynamics Description: This effort investigates techniques that integrate on-board and external information sources, and it applies ML analytic approaches to support automated intelligence analysis and decision making. The goal is to enable tactical agents to cooperatively share relevant and timely tactical information within a distributed environment.	1.256	-	-
Title: Heterogeneous Computing and Computational Sciences	1.255	-	-

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602145A / Next Generation Combat V ehicle Technology	Project (Number/Name) BF8 / Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Tech

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Description: This effort funds research to develop algorithms and architectures that allow adaptable, energy efficient information processing across different computing hardware platforms. The goal of this research is to provide high performance computing and processing capabilities to the Soldier on the battlefield.
Title: Machine Learning with Constrained Resources Description: This effort will research new ML and reinforcement learning methods to address issues of statistically mismatched and incomplete information which must be annotated, collected, classified, and used for rapid decisions by joint intelligent agent-human teams. In addition, multi-modal human interaction approaches will be investigated to ensure effective Soldier interactions and understanding of intent. The goal of this research is to enable joint human-intelligent agent decision making, optimizing the strengths of each in the decision process and creating an adaptive, agile team. This work applies research conducted in PE 0611102A (Defense Research Sciences) / AA6 (Robotics and Mobile Energy) and AA9 (Information and Networking).	4.802	-	-
Title: Intelligence for High Operational Tempo Maneuver Description: Applied research on intelligence for cognitive learning and control architectures to enable efficient and full use of embodied physical capabilities and create the machine intelligence required of autonomous systems to understand physical limitations. Investigates the means through which robotic physical performance attributes (e.g. speed, agility) will be coupled with artificial intelligence to enable resilient maneuver in high operational tempo missions in complex environments.	1.863	-	-
Title: Operational Assessment of Artificial Intelligence Developmental Systems Description: This effort supports the Combatant Commander's needs by performing operational assessments of AI-intense developmental weapon systems. FY 2026 Plans: Will continue to optimize results from ongoing studies to support Combatant Commander identified needs. FY 2027 Plans: Will continue to optimize results from ongoing studies to support Combatant Commander identified needs. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding increase reflects an economic adjustment.	1.240	1.049	1.056
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	14.706	1.049	1.056

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602145A / Next Generation Combat V ehicle Technology	Project (Number/Name) BF8 / Artificial Intelligence & Machine Learning Tech

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions) Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602145A / Next Generation Combat V ehicle Technology	Project (Number/Name) BF9 / Sensors for Autonomous Operations and Surv Tech
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
BF9: Sensors for Autonomous Operations and Surv Tech	-	24.720	23.207	23.022	-	23.022	27.380	32.403	29.674	30.535	0.000	190.941

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project designs and develops modular and adaptive sensor components, novel embedded processing approaches, innovative threat cueing solutions and novel

multi-function sensor payloads integrated with novel signal image processing techniques to provide improved manned and unmanned ground vehicle situational

understanding in all environments. This project will also investigate and develop techniques to detect maneuver obstacles, to include explosive hazards, tank ditches,

and concrete blockades.

This research is coordinated with Program Element (PE) 0603462A (Next Generation Combat Vehicle Advanced Technology), PE 0603118A (Soldier Lethality Advanced Technology), PE 0602143A (Soldier Lethality Technology), PE 0602148A (Future Vertical Lift Technology) and PE 0603465A (Future Vertical Lift Advanced Technology).

Work in this project is performed by the Command, Control, Computers, Communications, Cyber, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C5ISR) Center.

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Advanced Sensors with Embedded Processing Description: Designs and develops advanced, automated multi-spectral and multi-function sensor components, and image processing techniques with improved performance in all environments and against all threats to include low-contrast targets in camouflage or in degraded conditions to enable combined arms maneuvers in complex environments for NGCV via manned, optionally manned, and robotic platform applications. FY 2026 Plans: Will investigate optical modulator technologies for integration with digital readout integrated circuits (ROICs) that are capable of high-bandwidth data transmission and high stability at cryogenic temperature operation. Will investigate laser sources to couple with photonic integrated circuits that show high temperature stability and enable high data transfer rates. Will investigate size, weight, and power (SWAP)-optimized Modular Open System Architecture (MOSA)-compliant hardware implementations of neuromorphic and other advanced artificial intelligence processing devices. Will investigate emerging components that reduce platform SWAP and enhance mission effectiveness of Army platforms through application of embedded and highly efficient edge-based sensor processing. Will investigate and mature supplemental image processing capabilities for aggregating targets and resolving ambiguity from multiple detections of the same target from different platforms and sensors to establish an clear common operating picture. Will determine design parameters of advanced ROIC for uncooled thermal sensors with hardware-integrated capabilities, such as snapshot and external triggers, that are optimized for machine-vision applications. Will improve pixel pitch for	16.273	15.469	-

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602145A / Next Generation Combat V ehicle Technology	Project (Number/Name) BF9 / Sensors for Autonomous Operations and Surv Tech

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
uncooled thermal sensors, enabling higher resolution sensors at lower size, weight, power, and cost (SWAP-C), as well as multi-sensor solutions. Will investigate advanced electronics for uncooled long-wavelength (LWIR) thermal sensors to couple with time-correlated algorithms for image stabilization and correcting image blur while on-the-move. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects realignment to Sensors, Electronics and Processing Approaches for Situational Awareness, Maneuver, and Threat Overmatch within this project to continue the maturation of advanced processing capabilities.
Title: Sensors, Electronics and Processing Approaches for Threat Overmatch Description: This effort design, develops, matures and validates novel electro-optic/infrared (EO/IR), radar and other sensor components, sensor payloads and image processing approaches to enable enhanced detection of line of sight and beyond line-ofsight threats and complex obstacles in all environments via manned, optionally manned and robotic platforms. It will enable cueing and target hand-off to maintain overmatch while on-the-move, at speed, in cluttered environments. FY 2026 Plans: Will validate the use of multiple sensor modalities together with new algorithms to improve automated threat recognition. Will mature and validate techniques using additional data from multispectral cameras on an unmanned aerial system to recognize maneuver threats in highly cluttered environments, expanding the recognition capability currently demonstrated in low vegetation environments. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects realignment to Sensors, Electronics and Processing Approaches for Situational Awareness, Maneuver, and Threat Overmatch within this project to continue the maturation of advanced processing capabilities.	8.447	4.213	-
Title: Advanced Technologies for Countermine in Complex Environments Description: This effort investigates and validates techniques and methods to automatically recognize maneuver threats and obstacles, such as landmines and other explosive hazards, using novel processing approaches. This project leverages existing tactical airborne and geospatial intelligence data to provide locations to lower echelon maneuver formations to direct UAS threat recognition and support breaching operations. It also provides content for inclusion within a modified combined obstacle overlay for intelligence preparation and situational awareness. FY 2026 Plans:	-	3.525	-

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602145A / Next Generation Combat V ehicle Technology	Project (Number/Name) BF9 / Sensors for Autonomous Operations and Surv Tech

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Will investigate automated pattern recognition, and spatial association techniques to detect obstacles utilizing existing imagery of realistic, complex environments. Will collect geospatial imagery to determine effectiveness of detection techniques. Will investigate methods to insert techniques into a multi-domain common operating picture. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects realignment to Sensors, Electronics and Processing Approaches for Situational Awareness, Maneuver, and Threat Overmatch within this project to continue the maturation of advanced processing capabilities.
Title: Sensors, Electronics and Processing Approaches for Situational Awareness, Maneuver, and Threat Overmatch Description: Designs, develops, matures and validates novel electro-optic/infrared (EO/IR), radar and other sensor components, sensor payloads and image processing approaches to enable enhanced on-the-move situational awareness, line-of-sight (LOS) and beyond LOS complex obstacle detection, and threat detection and tracking in all environments via ground and robotic platforms. This effort includes research, development, and validation of advanced thermal sensor technologies including focal plane arrays (FPAs), read-out integrated circuits (ROICs), novel and collaborative Aided Target Detection and Recognition (AITDR) approaches, counter-AITDR techniques, high-performance embedded and neuromorphic processors for low-SWAP (Size, Weight, and Power) constrained platforms, and event-based neuromorphic sensors for low-latency applications. It leverages existing tactical airborne and geospatial intelligence data and adds novel, automated processing to provide threat locations to lower echelon maneuver formations and automated course of action (COA) generation tools, informing mission planning for both maneuver and breaching operations. FY 2027 Plans: Will determine optimal optical modulator technologies with high-bandwidth data transmission and high stability at cryogenic temperatures for integration with digital read-out integrated circuit (ROIC); validate laser sources coupled with photonic integrated circuits; continue performance assessments and maturation of embedded processing hardware for low-SWAP platforms such as Soldier-borne and small UAS (sUAS) platforms; investigate and validate adversarial and counter-aided target detection and recognition (AITDR) approaches in field environments; evaluate collaborative AITDR solutions for US Army tactical missions and participate in touchpoints to enhance AITDR with Soldier feedback; complete development and design verification testing of advanced readout-integrated circuit (ROIC) for uncooled thermal sensors with hardware-integrated capabilities, including snapshot and external triggers; begin development of improved pixel pitches for uncooled thermal sensors capable of continuous-bias operation, enabling distributed-aperture and motion applications; validate advanced, time-correlated algorithms for on-themove operation using external processing hardware in a lab environment; determine efficacy of combining multi-sensor modality data with new algorithms to enhance automated threat recognition performance; mature and validate techniques using EO/IR and other modality sensor imagery from varying altitudes via unmanned aerial system platform to recognize maneuver obstacles	-	-	23.022

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602145A / Next Generation Combat V ehicle Technology	Project (Number/Name) BF9 / Sensors for Autonomous Operations and Surv Tech

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
and explosive threats in cluttered environments; investigate the combination of aerial- and ground-based threat nominations via teaming to enhance awareness and location of maneuver obstacles. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: This is not a new start. FY 2027 funding increase reflects the consolidation of other ongoing efforts within this project from Advanced Sensors with Embedded Processing, Sensors, Electronics and Processing Approaches for Threat Overmatch and Advanced Technologies for Countermine in Complex Environments. Funding increase reflects additional research to continue the maturation of sensor and electronic components and processing approaches. Additionally, funding is restructured from Program Element (PE) 0602145A (Next Generation Combat Vehicle Technology / Project BJ2 (Tactical and Navigation Lasers Sensors Technology).
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	24.720	23.207	23.022

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602145A / Next Generation Combat V ehicle Technology	Project (Number/Name) BG2 / Modeling and Simulation for MUMT Technology
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
BG2: Modeling and Simulation for MUMT Technology	-	4.113	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	4.113

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project develops Modeling and Simulation (M&S) tools and technologies to assess and improve freedom of movement for ground forces and supports vehicle

developers by addressing challenges for robotic and ground vehicles. Through investigation and design, this project develops obstacle detection and classification

algorithms for dynamic mobility hazards in urban and complex environments. This project develops tools to evaluate system performance reducing the need for physical

testing including: real-time mobility decision support tools, vehicle-terrain interactive models for autonomous convoy operations, simulation tools for vehicle mobility in

highly altered terrain, and M&S tools for predicting the performance of autonomous vehicles in a wide variety of weather and terrain conditions. These M&S technologies

can be integrated across Army vehicle platforms as required.

Work in this project complements Program Element (PE) 0603462A (Next Generation Combat Vehicle Advanced Technology) / Project BG3 (Modeling and Simulation for MUMT Advanced Tech).

Work in this project is performed by the Geotechnical and Structures Laboratory.

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Autonomous Vehicle/Terrain Interactions Description: This effort develops Modeling and Simulation (M&S) capabilities to evaluate autonomous vehicle formation performance on mission-relevant terrain and environments (i.e., soft soil, gap crossing, obstacle override, cold regions, low-light, etc.). This effort develops algorithms for improved manned/unmanned and air/ground teaming for off-road tactical behaviors.	4.113	-	-
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	4.113	-	-

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions) N/A Remarks N/A
D. Acquisition Strategy N/A
PE 0602145A: Next Generation Combat Vehicle Technolog... Army	UNCLASSIFIED Page 15 of 33	R-1 Line #13

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602145A / Next Generation Combat V ehicle Technology	Project (Number/Name) BG6 / Advanced Concepts for Active Defense Technology
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
BG6: Advanced Concepts for Active Defense Technology	-	29.889	29.047	38.102	-	38.102	31.984	41.527	49.164	49.649	0.000	269.362

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project funds research for advanced materials and mechanisms to defeat the most common and most dangerous threats that are expected to be encountered by

our ground forces in the near, mid and far term. Work conducted in this project will result in concepts for Adaptive and Cooperative Protection of ground combat vehicles.

Additionally, research will focus on subcomponent/component models to predict performance of early concepts and the means to evaluate effectiveness on ground

platforms. The project will balance developments of active threat defeat measures with the necessary advanced passive and active components to provide solutions

which will help meet the requirements of current and next generation ground tactical and combat vehicles.

This project is coordinated with and transitions to PE 0603462A (Next Generation Combat Vehicle Advanced Technology) and builds upon weapon target interaction research in PE 0602144A (Ground Technology) and PE 0601102A (Defense Research Sciences) / Project AA7 (Mechanics and Ballistics).

Work in this project is performed by the Army Research Laboratory (ARL), Command, Control, Communication, Computers, Cyber, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance Center (C5ISR), Data and Analysis Center (DAC), and Ground Vehicle Systems Center (GVSC).

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Multi-Threat Armor Technologies Description: This effort develops multi-threat hybrid armor technologies incorporating both active and passive mechanisms for ground vehicle systems that are effective against future conventional weapons and evolving improvised threats including kinetic and chemical energy as well as blast threats. FY 2026 Plans: Will assess the ballistic effectiveness of improved armor designs for protection from emerging medium and large caliber KE threats; optimize protection of crew and uncrewed platform critical components to reduce fire and reduce size and weight; mature armor architecture and materials to optimize mass efficiency, multi-hit performance and reduce weight. FY 2027 Plans: Will assess improved armor designs for enhanced mounted survivability against multiple threat classes to include medium cal kinetic threats and Shaped Charged Jet (SCJ) threats; assess emerging threats and devise novel techniques to defeat them; develop armor designs using novel materials designed to protect from multi-hit on platforms and optimize crew survivability and protection of uncrewed platform critical components (batteries) to reduce fire and reduce size and weight; mature armor	6.683	6.110	9.021

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602145A / Next Generation Combat V ehicle Technology	Project (Number/Name) BG6 / Advanced Concepts for Active Defense Technology

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
architecture and materials to optimize mass efficiency, multi-hit performance, and reduce weight; explore top attack protection concepts to protect against weaponized Unmanned Aerial Systems. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding increase reflects additional research in novel armor materials and designs to protect against multi-hit threats.
Title: Adaptive and Cooperative Protection Description: This effort supports protection research for mounted survivability. The research provides a holistic approach to achieving significant weight reduction and protection from future threats by utilizing real-time information, combined with threat knowledge, to provide ever-increasing protection. This approach includes integrating individual vehicle capabilities of armor, underbody blast protection, active protection systems, and advanced soft kill methods into one layered solution to maximize survivability and minimize weight for combat and tactical vehicles. This effort will investigate modern survivability technologies that implement complex kinematic mechanisms in order to bend, break, and disperse threat projectiles before they can injure crew or disable vehicles FY 2026 Plans: Will explore novel adaptive protection mechanisms and technologies to enhance protection from emerging rocket propelled grenade (RPG), Anti-Tank Guided Munitions (ATGM), and Shaped Charged Jet (SCJ) threats, while reducing size and weight requirements; assess the performance of advance top attack adaptive protection technologies; design and develop components for top attack adaptive protection technologies. FY 2027 Plans: Will continue to mature novel adaptive protection mechanisms for mounted survivability and technologies to enhance protection from emerging rocket-propelled grenades, Anti-tank Guided Missiles, and Shape Charged Jet threats, while reducing size and weight requirements; mature advanced top attack adaptive protection technologies; design and develop components for next generation adaptive protection technologies; explore new sensing modalities for improved threat detection. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding increase reflects additional research in top attack adaptive protection technologies.	6.098	5.079	5.962
Title: Emerging Overmatch Technologies Description: This effort designs, develops, and conduct experiments to validate the lethality and protection concepts that reestablish overmatch for the next generation of manned and unmanned combat platforms. It will tightly couple scientific research within a campaign of learning to form technology concepts for battlefield domination against current and future threats. This	2.449	-	-

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602145A / Next Generation Combat V ehicle Technology	Project (Number/Name) BG6 / Advanced Concepts for Active Defense Technology

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
research will heavily leverage other efforts within PE 0602145A (Next Generation Combat Vehicle Advanced Technology) and PE 0603462A (Next Generation Combat Vehicle Advanced Technology).
Title: Survivability/Lethality/Vulnerability Analysis Tools and Methodology Description: This effort devises state-of-the-art survivability/lethality/vulnerability methodologies to dynamically model the interaction of conventional ballistic threats against future weapon systems. FY 2026 Plans: Will investigate and develop direct fire ballistic analysis capability for medium caliber munitions to protect from hovering UAS targets; investigate and integrate control structure with vulnerability analysis capability for unmanned ground vehicles, leading to the development of a multi-discipline analysis capability to address Artificial Intelligence (AI) enabled system control failures; investigate methodology to assess Directed Energy, including lasers performance and vulnerability; continue to improve methodology for assessing capabilities of advanced active, reactive, passive, and roof armors; continue to improve methodology for collaborative protection of multiple vehicles in a formation and sensor assessment, as well as improve intercepted munition residual characterizations in support of combat platform and soldier protection. FY 2027 Plans: Will investigate and begin to develop and incorporate direct fire ballistic analysis capability for medium caliber munitions against moving Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) targets; begin to incorporate analysis of AI-enabled systems against future weapons systems; mature methodology for assessing capabilities of advanced adaptive, cooperative, active, reactive, passive, and roof protection. Continue to improve methodology for collaborative protection of multiple platforms in a formation and sensor assessment, as well as improve intercepted munition residual characterizations in support of combat platform and soldier protection. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects elimination of investigating methodology to model the integration of ballistic weapons with Directed Energy, including Ultra-short pulse lasers (USPLs), to assess performance and vulnerability.	5.430	3.445	3.335
Title: Collaborative Defense Description: This effort expands the capability of the Army to protect ground vehicles. This is done by conducting research into technologies that can enable the sharing of protection resources across multiple platforms in real time, allowing for the expansion of the zone of protection on the battlefield beyond a single vehicle and its protection system. These technologies include components such as sensors which can be used to identify and track incoming threats, radios/networks which will allow local sharing of threat detection and tracking information, and effectors which can disrupt or destroy threats before terminal engagement with the platform. In order to enable collaboration across multiple platforms, including integration factors such as	9.229	-	-

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602145A / Next Generation Combat V ehicle Technology	Project (Number/Name) BG6 / Advanced Concepts for Active Defense Technology

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
size, weight, power consumption, and cost impacts to the platform, this effort will study various system-level approaches to integrating these aforementioned technologies. Additionally, this effort will validate performance of the system in the laboratory environment.
Title: Directed Energy for Terminal Effects Description: This effort supports research to enable the Army to utilize the most promising directed energy sources against guided munitions in Global Positioning System (GPS)-denied environments and counter enemy unmanned ground vehicle (UGVs) while providing protection for our sensor technologies, denying adversaries a transparent battlefield. FY 2026 Plans: Will investigate advanced directed energy (DE) technologies to design and develop capabilities at lower size, weight, and power requirements to disrupt and defeat emerging threats on the battlefield; investigate current DE Modeling and Simulations (M&S) tools and build robust DE M&S capability that can predict and inform Terminal Effects in Army environments. FY 2027 Plans: Will mature advanced directed energy (DE) technologies to defeat non-line of sight guided munitions; assess and exercise directed energy Modeling and Simulations (M&S) tools to mature novel Terminal Effects Directed Energy technologies that can be employed in Army environments to defeat emerging non-conventional threats and counter adversary directed energy threats. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects reduction in direction energy research to counter Unmanned Ground Vehicles.	-	2.780	2.286
Title: Advanced Vehicle Survivability (AVS) Research Description: This effort expands the capability of ground vehicles to support multi-domain operations through research into the benefits of new and novel materials and threat defeat mechanisms that enable a lighter, more survivable maneuver force. The project will design armor and non-armor concepts, such as, for vehicle self-protection, and subsequent crew/occupant protection, against the spectrum of current and emerging threats including top, front, side, and underbelly attack. Emerging threats will be exploited, and surrogates will be developed for use in research experiments that determine efficacy of new designs. Vehicle integration studies will be used to validate overall concept design and support down-selection of technologies and concepts for further maturation and demonstration. FY 2026 Plans: Will investigate the integration potential of multiple novel survivability and protection technologies for protection against emerging threats. These technology concepts will be evaluated in advanced M&S to create high fidelity integrated component concepts. The	-	7.067	6.400

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602145A / Next Generation Combat V ehicle Technology	Project (Number/Name) BG6 / Advanced Concepts for Active Defense Technology

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
best performing concepts will be fabricated for physical testing to validate technology performance. Will leverage internal M&S capability to determine path forward for protection system and enhancements. FY 2027 Plans: Will build upon FY2026 effort to continue investigation of multiple novel survivability and protection technologies for protection against emerging threats; work with industry partners to conceptualize integration of novel technologies on ground vehicle platforms to assess feasibility; develop test methodology to evaluate performance of active technology to protect occupants; procure hardware and conduct baseline performance validation testing of the most promising technologies. Resulting test data and associated high-fidelity modeling and simulation will be used to inform down-selection of technology to advance into the development phase in FY2028. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects decreased amount of candidate protection technologies being considered for down-selection
Title: Vehicle Intelligent Survivability (VIS) Research Description: This effort will research interoperability between survivability technologies and other vehicle subsystems (e.g.: mobility, lethality, and C5ISR) and other formation assets to provide the Ground Combat Vehicle crew with the ability to take more suitable and effective defensive action while receiving an enriched threat picture. Will examine the state-of-art in vehicle interoperability and subsystem technology to identify opportunities for exploitation. These findings will inform the development of advanced control algorithms and interfaces for survivability technologies. FY 2026 Plans: Investigate current and emerging technologies, data networks, and interfaces to identify opportunities to establish relationships between survivability and non-survivability (e.g. mobility, lethality, C5ISR) sub-systems to improve platform and formation survivability. Establish the foundational architecture and critical behaviors for a new Survivability system-of-systems; preparing for transition to Ground Systems Active Defense (GSAD) Advanced Tech. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects transition of technology to Program Element (PE) 0603462A (Next Generation Combat Vehicle Advanced Technology) / Project BG7 (Ground Systems Active Defense (GSAD) Advanced Tech).	-	4.566	-
Title: Terminal Effects Mechanisms Description: This effort designs and devises the next generation of lightweight protective concepts and technologies for defeat of the most common and most dangerous threats that are expected to be encountered by our ground forces in the near-, mid-, and far-term. It investigates knowledge gaps in the fundamental physics of terminal effects, both from the threat and armor standpoint, and uses them to devise new terminal effects passive and active armor defeat mechanisms and discover new phenomena	-	-	11.098

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602145A / Next Generation Combat V ehicle Technology	Project (Number/Name) BG6 / Advanced Concepts for Active Defense Technology

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
to be exploited. These knowledge gaps include the understanding of solid-solid, explosive-solid, and electromagnetic-solid interactions that occur in existing and newly developed materials. A better understanding will be obtained for the behavior of lightweight metals, composites, and transparent materials for passive armor applications, high density metals for penetrators and warheads, and characterization of new explosive formulations. This understanding will be aided by the development of analytical and computational algorithms that leverage new advanced diagnostics and modeling and simulation tools in conjunction with Department of Energy (DoE) investments in computational platforms through the DoW/DoE Technical Coordinating Group for problems in solid dynamics and impact physics. These tools will be used to quantitatively understand, utilize, and optimize new armor and defeat mechanisms. The effort will balance designs and developments of active threat defeat measures with the necessary advanced passive and reactive components that will ultimately provide for full system solutions which meet the requirements of current and next generation ground tactical and combat vehicles for mounted survivability. FY 2027 Plans: Will investigate automated armor design methodology, machine learning tools, and computational methods for optimizing protection against a specific threat of interest against various armor technologies; expand Armor database and machine learning knowledge products; devise and refine theory for scaling behavior in thick metal plates; conduct experiments at key loading rates and temperatures relative to typical Army environments to populate key material and mechanical parameters for constitutive models used for high-rate behavior of metals, glasses, composites, and explosives; implement material models and parameters, and other code enhancements for for installation on DoW High Performance Computing (HPC) machines; investigate the portability of advanced explosive initiation models into computational codes of interest; investigate novel, nontraditional dual-purpose armor such as battery armor; investigate diagnostics of directed energy influences for lethality and protection; explore multispectral sensors and diagnostic techniques with and without laser illumination for solving knowledge gaps in terminal ballistic physics and discovery of new phenomena; conduct analysis and experimentation of multi-purpose munitions with combined penetration, blast effects, and other mechanisms for lethality and protection exploitation; develop fast-running models to describe lethality of multipurpose munitions; optimize shock-mitigating materials for enhanced control of wave propagation during explosive events. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: This is not a new start. Funding was realigned from Program Element (PE) 0602144A (Ground Technology) / Project CG7 (Ground Protection Concepts and Technologies) to support the creation of Terminal Effects Mechanisms in FY 2027.
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	29.889	29.047	38.102

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602145A / Next Generation Combat V ehicle Technology	Project (Number/Name) BG6 / Advanced Concepts for Active Defense Technology

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions) Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602145A / Next Generation Combat V ehicle Technology	Project (Number/Name) BI2 / Sensor Protection Technology
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
BI2: Sensor Protection Technology	-	5.749	4.237	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	9.986

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project investigates, designs, and develops techniques for masking friendly force capabilities and intentions. The project pursues technologies to reduce the

susceptibility of sensor systems to detection and targeting by threat forces, as well as to inform the development of next generation signature reduction schemas.

This project also designs, investigates, fabricates, evaluates and characterizes advanced sensor protection technologies, components, and concepts that will enable

the future soldier to see and operate through a laser directed energy weapon attack. Both active and passive protection technologies will be investigated to protect

Army sensors that operate in the visible, short-wave infrared, mid-wave infrared, and long-wave infrared spectra from battlefield laser threats. Areas of research

include passive optical limiters such as nonlinear organic dyes, semiconductors, and meta-materials, as well as fast active switches and tunable filters. Technologies

investigated include novel optics designs combined with signal processing, spectral filtering, and threat sensing algorithms.

Work in this project is coordinated with Program Element (PE) 0603462A (Next Generation Combat Vehicle Advanced Technology), PE 0603118A (Soldier Lethality Advanced Technology), PE 0603465A (Future Vertical Lift Advanced Technology), and PE 0602143A (Soldier Lethality Technology)

Work in this project is performed by the Command, Control, Computers, Communications, Cyber, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C5ISR) Center.

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Sensor Protection Technology Description: This effort will design and develop component technology to improve protection of sensors and sensor electronics from threats via techniques to harden optics, reduce sensor optical cross sections, novel coating approaches, filter improvements, and emerging signature reduction schemas. FY 2026 Plans: Will develop an automatic selectable filter (ASF) for Color Day TV systems and pair with a selection of visible, spectrally agile filters; conduct experiments with the ASF and spectrally agile filter technology in a laboratory environment; investigate performance of these protection technologies against various laser threats. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: In Fiscal Year (FY) 2027 this Project is restructured to PE 0602145A (Next Generation Combat Vehicle Technology) / Project BF9 (Sensors for Autonomous Operations and Survivability)	5.749	4.237	-
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	5.749	4.237	-

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602145A / Next Generation Combat V ehicle Technology	Project (Number/Name) BI2 / Sensor Protection Technology

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602145A / Next Generation Combat V ehicle Technology	Project (Number/Name) BJ2 / Tactical and Navigation Lasers Sensors Technology
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
BJ2: Tactical and Navigation Lasers Sensors Technology	-	5.786	5.482	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	11.268

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project designs and develops novel laser sensor technologies which provide improved maneuver, lethality, and survivability capabilities via manned and autonomous navigation, adversary sensor threat detection, and target detection and designation in all environments. It will deliver novel laser technologies which will provide low size, weight, and power (SWaP) laser sources and receivers for optical augmentation detection systems; and compact Laser Detection and Ranging (LADAR) sources for situational awareness and air and ground vehicle operations and navigation in all environments. This project is a critical enabler for autonomous operations in environments where other imaging technologies are not sufficient.

This project is coordinated with Program Element (PE) 0603462A (Next Generation Combat Vehicle Advanced Technology), PE 0603118A (Soldier Lethality Advanced Technology), PE 0603465A (Future Vertical Lift Advanced Technology), and PE 0602143A (Soldier Lethality Technology).

Work in this project is performed by the Command, Control, Computers, Communications, Cyber, Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (C5ISR) Center.

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Tactical and Navigation Lasers Sensors Technology Description: This effort designs and develops novel low SWaP, compact, high peak power pulsed laser sources and receivers for optical augmentation detection systems; and compact LADAR sources for situational awareness and manned and unmanned air and ground vehicle operations and navigation in all environments. This effort delivers component technologies needed to support future Army autonomous, covert targeting approaches. FY 2026 Plans: Will develop hybridized high-sensitivity laser detectors with deep-well readout-integrated circuits for increased range performance, range resolution, and active/passive operation in long wavelength infrared. Will investigate planar and mesa structures for advanced, high-sensitivity laser detectors to further reduce pixel pitch (size) to align with other Army devices. Will further mature component-level modeling for laser detector using hybridized device parameters to determine detectability levels and guide further development efforts. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: In Fiscal Year (FY) 2027 this Project is restructured to PE 0602145A (Next Generation Combat Vehicle Technology) / Project BF9 (Sensors for Autonomous Operations and Survivability).	5.786	5.482	-
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	5.786	5.482	-

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602145A / Next Generation Combat V ehicle Technology	Project (Number/Name) BJ2 / Tactical and Navigation Lasers Sensors Technology

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602145A / Next Generation Combat V ehicle Technology	Project (Number/Name) BK2 / Virtual Prototyping Technology
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
BK2: Virtual Prototyping Technology	-	7.042	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	7.042

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project designs and analyzes novel NGCV system level ground vehicle concepts by integrating advanced mobility, survivability, lethality, sensing and electrical/

electronic technologies to address emerging and future advanced threats. This project provides system level ground vehicle design concepts and performance analysis,

assesses cost and performance trades, and provides real-time soldier feedback on technology performance for the Army's NGCVs. Technologies to be evaluated

include high efficiency advanced powertrains, power generation, vehicle electrification, active protection systems, active blast, advanced lethality and robotic control and

autonomy technologies. The NGCV virtual prototypes include Virtual Soldier Operational Experiments (VSOE) with System Integration Labs (SILs) to give warfighters

an understanding into how behaviors and tactics change given emerging operation concepts based on new technologies and capabilities. Future integration of VSOEs

with software and hardware SILs with realistic interfaces and utilizing mixed reality technology will provide higher fidelity Soldier evaluations, without the time and

cost associated with physical prototypes. The virtual prototyping results provide critical inputs to the Army's NGCV program by providing independent technical and

operational performance results for the Army's next generation of ground combat vehicles while reducing risk and accelerating transition to physical prototypes.

Work in this project is coordinated with Program Element (PE) 0603462A (Next Generation Combat Vehicle Advanced Technology) / Project BF4 (Combat Vehicle Robotics Adv Tech).

Work in this project is performed by the Ground Vehicle System Center (GVSC).

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Virtual Prototyping Description: This effort utilizes virtual prototyping to address technical and integration challenges in the areas of mobility, survivability, lethality, vehicle architecture, and systems integration for the Army's next generation of ground combat vehicles. Specifically, this effort focuses on developing integrated design concepts, performance analysis, identifying and assessing trade space, and conducting virtual operational experiments for the NGCV. The combination of technical performance and operational feedback provides insights that will inform designs and reduce development and testing time.	7.042	-	-
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	7.042	-	-

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602145A / Next Generation Combat V ehicle Technology	Project (Number/Name) BK2 / Virtual Prototyping Technology

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602145A / Next Generation Combat V ehicle Technology	Project (Number/Name) BK5 / Adv Direct In-Direct Armament Sys (ADIDAS) Tech
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
BK5: Adv Direct In-Direct Armament Sys (ADIDAS) Tech	-	11.229	8.525	8.360	-	8.360	11.416	9.186	9.257	9.349	0.000	67.322

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project matures and conducts experiments on component technologies for large caliber direct fire light-weight armament systems that will exceed the current

capability of 120mm direct fire and be optimized for future operational environment with cross-domain engagement capability. This project also researches large caliber

direct fire munitions to project overwhelming lethality while ensuring maneuver forces remains mobile and sustainable during close-combat engagements at extended

ranges.

Research in this project is related to and fully integrated with the efforts funded in Program Element (PE) 0603462A (Next Generation Combat Vehicle Advanced Technology) / Project BK6 (Advanced Technology Direct In Direct Armament Sys (ADIDAS) Advanced Technology).

Research in this project is performed by the Armaments Center (AC) and Army Research Laboratory (ARL).

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Advanced Lethality Armament System- Large Caliber (ALAS-LC) Description: Investigate increased lethality solutions for next generation large caliber direct fire armament systems that will ensure battlefield dominance of US ground forces. Design reduced recoil armament systems capable of increased rate of fire enabled by a compact autoloader with performance that exceeds current state of the art 120mm direct fire cannons for current and future Army platforms.	2.767	-	-
Title: Decisive Lethality Description: This effort develops energy-efficient lethal mechanism technologies for the next-generation of large-caliber ammunition launched from direct fire weapon systems to maximize the lethality against an array of targets and provide tactical advantage at extended ranges against current and future threats. This includes research and development to produce a compact, high energy density propelling charge, engineered aerodynamics for improved accuracy, a novel kinetic penetrator with next generation lethal mechanism, and the ability to defeat advanced and smart armors. FY 2026 Plans: Will assess next-generation penetrator concepts for more robust lethality; investigate next-generation lethal mechanisms for more energy-efficient lethality; scale-up next generation high-energy propellant charge fabrication using advanced manufacturing methods; mature advanced ignition concepts for controllable and repeatable combustion of very high-energy charges; continue	8.462	8.525	7.108

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602145A / Next Generation Combat V ehicle Technology	Project (Number/Name) BK5 / Adv Direct In-Direct Armament Sys (ADIDAS) Tech

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
to assess weapon technologies for improved large caliber projectile accuracy; determine technologies to mitigate against smart protection systems. FY 2027 Plans: Will continue to assess next-generation projectile concepts for improved lethality that minimize size and weight burdens on the launch platform as well as cartridge cost; continue to investigate next-generation lethal mechanisms for resilient lethality across the target spectrum; integrate identified counter-countermeasure technologies against smart protection systems into lab-scale cartridge for performance assessment. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects reduction in research associated with advanced manufacturing methods.
Title: Enhanced Cross Platform - Medium Caliber (ECP-MC) Description: This effort will develop munition technologies to provide increased probability of hit and increase multi-domain threat defeat capability to medium caliber munitions. This effort will investigate enabling the platform to engage more threat types using a single munition and with fewer rounds at further threat engagement ranges. FY 2027 Plans: Will investigate existing platform equipment to determine munition system performance measures. Will design munition architecture(s) to meet these system requirements and develop sub-system technologies. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding increase reflects the creation of this effort.	-	-	1.252
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	11.229	8.525	8.360

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602145A / Next Generation Combat V ehicle Technology	Project (Number/Name) BP5 / Ground Vehicle Technology (CA)
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
BP5: Ground Vehicle Technology (CA)	-	36.000	97.750	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	133.750

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Ground Vehicle Technology.

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026
Congressional Add: Machine learning optimized power electronics FY 2025 Accomplishments: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Machine learning optimized power electronics FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Machine learning optimized power electronics	5.000	5.000
Congressional Add: Silicon carbide electronics FY 2025 Accomplishments: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Silicon carbide electronics	14.000	-
Congressional Add: Analytics and visualization of autonomous vehicle systems FY 2025 Accomplishments: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Analytics and visualization of autonomous vehicle systems FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Analytics and visualization of autonomous vehicle systems	7.000	12.000
Congressional Add: Autonomous vehicle research initiative FY 2025 Accomplishments: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Autonomous vehicle research initiative	5.000	-
Congressional Add: Standardized battery for enhanced performance FY 2025 Accomplishments: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Standardized battery for enhanced performance	3.000	-
Congressional Add: Vehicle power protection FY 2025 Accomplishments: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Vehicle power protection	2.000	-
Congressional Add: Composite Vehicle Structures	-	5.000

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602145A / Next Generation Combat V ehicle Technology	Project (Number/Name) BP5 / Ground Vehicle Technology (CA)

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026
FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Composite Vehicle Structures
Congressional Add: Digital Manufacturing Modeling And Simulation FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Digital Manufacturing Modeling And Simulation	-	2.000
Congressional Add: Digital manufacturing research for advanced power devices FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Digital manufacturing research for advanced power devices	-	5.250
Congressional Add: Drop-Stitch/Structural System Research FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Drop-Stitch/Structural System Research	-	10.000
Congressional Add: Fast-Refueling Fuel Cell Engines FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Fast-Refueling Fuel Cell Engines	-	7.000
Congressional Add: Large metal additive manufacturing for ground vehicles FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Large metal additive manufacturing for ground vehicles	-	10.000
Congressional Add: Lightweight Prototype FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Lightweight Prototype	-	5.000
Congressional Add: Multimodal Human Machine Teaming FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Multimodal Human Machine Teaming	-	2.500
Congressional Add: Non-traditional effects on cUAS FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Non-traditional effects on cUAS	-	2.000
Congressional Add: Novel reactive armor FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Novel reactive armor	-	2.000
Congressional Add: Secure & Resilient Fuel [Surf] FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Secure & Resilient Fuel [Surf]	-	10.000
Congressional Add: Standardized Battery	-	15.000

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602145A / Next Generation Combat V ehicle Technology	Project (Number/Name) BP5 / Ground Vehicle Technology (CA)

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026
FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Standardized Battery
Congressional Add: Systems engineering for autonomous ground vehicles FY 2026 Plans: Congressional Interest Item funding provided for Systems engineering for autonomous ground vehicles	-	5.000
Congressional Adds Subtotals	36.000	97.750

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040: Research, Development, Test & Evaluation, Army / BA 2: Applied Research	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602146A / Network C3I Technology
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
Total Program Element	-	105.577	107.029	53.373	-	53.373	99.462	122.811	123.897	124.967	0.000	737.116
AM6: Modular RF Communications Technology	-	8.068	1.191	-	-	-	14.126	29.772	30.042	30.342	0.000	113.541
AM8: Protected SATCOM Technology	-	6.510	3.489	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	9.999
AN3: Non Traditional Waveforms Technology	-	8.206	7.446	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	15.652
AN9: UNT - Every Receiver is a Sensor Technology	-	4.492	8.898	30.028	-	30.028	55.475	54.613	54.565	55.054	0.000	263.125
AO4: Energy Efficient Devices Technology*	-	-	-	-	-	-	4.221	8.543	8.931	9.020	0.000	30.715
AP5: Electronic Warfare Technology	-	5.307	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	5.307
AQ2: EW Techniques Technology	-	3.566	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	3.566
AQ7: High Tempo Data Driven Decision Tools Technology	-	-	2.316	1.951	-	1.951	1.116	5.037	5.390	5.384	0.000	21.194
AT7: Network-Enabled GeoSpatial-GEOINT Services Tech	-	3.975	2.760	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	6.735
AT9: Tactical GeoSpatial Information Capabilities Techn	-	2.027	2.951	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	4.978
AV5: Protective Technologies	-	5.158	4.844	4.874	-	4.874	5.271	5.313	5.372	5.423	0.000	36.255
AV9: Advanced PNT for GPS Independent Environments Tech	-	7.946	7.952	16.520	-	16.520	19.253	19.533	19.597	19.744	0.000	110.545
AW1: Autonomous Navigation Technology	-	0.981	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	0.981
AW5: Modular GPS Independent Sensors Technology	-	4.489	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	4.489

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040: Research, Development, Test & Evaluation, Army / BA 2: Applied Research		R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602146A / Network C3I Technology
BP2: Sensor and Electronic Network Initiatives (CA)	-	33.000	50.500		-	-	-	-		-	-	-	0.000	83.500
CG3: Assured PNT Communications Applied Research	-	4.054	1.767		-	-	-	-		-	-	-	0.000	5.821
CI3: Mobile and Survivable Command Post (MASCP) Tech	-	2.303	-		-	-	-	-		-	-	-	0.000	2.303
CU6: Adaptive Information Mediation and Analytics	-	4.256	11.884		-	-	-	-		-	-	-	0.000	16.140
CV4: Pathfinder 3D Applied Technology	-	1.239	1.031		-	-	-	-		-	-	-	0.000	2.270

*This project's R-2a exhibit has been suppressed due to funding not beginning until after FY 2027

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This PE is aligned to the Network and Assured Positioning, Navigation, & Timing (APNT) Army Modernization Priorities. This PE investigates technologies, techniques, components and tools to provide an Army tactical network and enabling infrastructure that support Multi-Domain operations in contested, congested, degraded, and/or denied environments. This is accomplished through the design and development of technologies and components (e.g., electronic components, software and protocols) that provide unified transport and are supportable; mobile, and survivable, and robust mission command on the move; assured and secure positioning, navigation, and timing in all environments; converged and coordinated cyber and electronic warfare activities; resilient communication and intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance payloads for tactical space and high-altitude platforms, and the collection, processing, and dissemination of intel/ops information into a common operating environment. Commercial technologies are continuously investigated and leveraged where possible.

Work in this PE complements PE 0602143A (Soldier Lethality Technology), PE 0602145A (Next Generation Combat Vehicle Technology), PE 0602147A (Long Range Precision Fires Technology), PE 0602148A (Future Vertical Lift Technology), PE 0602150A (Air and Missile Defense Technology), PE 0603118A (Soldier Lethality Advanced Technology), PE 0603462A (Next Generation Combat Vehicle Advanced Technology), PE 0603464A (Long Range Precision Fires Advanced Technology), PE 0603465A (Future Vertical Lift Advanced Technology), PE 0603466A (Air and Missile Defense Advanced Technology), PE 0603463A (Network C3I Advanced Technology).

The cited work is consistent with the Under Secretary of War for Research and Engineering priority focus areas and the Army modernization strategy.

Work in this performed by the U.S. Army Futures Command, the U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command and the Army Engineer Research and Development Center.

Exhibit R-2, RDT&E Budget Item Justification: PB 2027 Army		Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040: Research, Development, Test & Evaluation, Army / BA 2: Applied Research	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602146A / Network C3I Technology

B. Program Change Summary ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total
Previous President's Budget	110.417	56.529	0.000	-	0.000
Current President's Budget	105.577	107.029	53.373	-	53.373
Total Adjustments	-4.840	50.500	53.373	-	53.373
• Congressional General Reductions	-	-
• Congressional Directed Reductions	-	-
• Congressional Rescissions	-7.159	-
• Congressional Adds	57.000	50.500
• Congressional Directed Transfers	-	-
• Reprogrammings	-52.982	-
• SBIR/STTR Transfer	-1.699	-
• Adjustments to Budget Years	-	-	53.373	-	53.373

Congressional Add Details ($ in Millions, and Includes General Reductions) Project: BP2: Sensor and Electronic Network Initiatives (CA)

Congressional Add: Integrated photonics for contested RF environments

Congressional Add: Social network analysis

Congressional Add: Development of advanced radio frequency applications

Congressional Add: Distributed 3D radar satellite technology

Congressional Add: Multi-static radar system

Congressional Add: Securing 3D packaging against adversaries

Congressional Add: Agile Sensing For Radio Frequency And Radar Capabilities

Congressional Add: Ai Materials Design And Process Optimization

Congressional Add: Counter Encryption For End-To-End Secured Mobile Communications

Congressional Add: DDPG development

Congressional Add: Distributed Aperture Spectrum Dominance For Missile Defeat

Congressional Add: Electromagnetic Spectrum Dominance In Contested Environments

Congressional Add: Frequency-Agile UAS RF Signatures

Congressional Add: Mirror-Based Light Detection And Ranging Sensor

Congressional Add: Precision Attritable Nano Tactical Exploitation And Reconnaissance Architecture-Sensing [Pantera-X] Change Summary Explanation

FY 2025	FY 2026
5.000	-
3.000	1.000
3.000	-
5.000	-
2.000	-
15.000	-
-	5.000
-	1.000
-	1.500
-	14.000
-	4.000
-	10.000
-	7.000
-	3.000
-	1.000

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040: Research, Development, Test & Evaluation, Army / BA 2: Applied Research	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602146A / Network C3I Technology
Congressional Add Details ($ in Millions, and Includes General Reductions)	FY 2025	FY 2026
Congressional Add: Ultra-Sensitive Spectroscopy Analyzer For Field Evaluation	-	3.000
Congressional Add Subtotals for Project: BP2	33.000	50.500
Congressional Add Totals for all Projects	33.000	50.500

FY 2027 funding increase reflects the fact that the FY 2026 President's Budget request did not include out-year funding.

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602146A / Network C3I Technology	Project (Number/Name) AM6 / Modular RF Communications Technology
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
AM6: Modular RF Communications Technology	-	8.068	1.191	-	-	-	14.126	29.772	30.042	30.342	0.000	113.541

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project investigates and develops techniques, methods, and standards for automation and intelligence to optimally broadcast data among available radio frequency

(RF) and networking technologies. This project adds resiliency to the network through diversity and automation techniques to make automated network decisions (e.g.,

automated Primary, Alternate, Contingency, and Emergency (PACE)) for the tactical Army to maintain operation in continually changing environments.

Work in this project complements Program Element (PE) 0603463A (Network C3I Advanced Technology) / Project AM7 (Modular RF Communications Advanced Technology).

Work in this project is performed by the Command, Control, Computers, Communications, Cyber, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (C5ISR) Center.

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Predictive Intelligent Network (PIN) Description: The effort investigates the Automated PACE plan capability by developing predictive algorithms and using various sources of information to create a resilient and adaptive network configuration that allows continued and secure communications in Anti-Access/Area Denial (A2AD) environments. The PIN predictive algorithms plans the optimal network topology and configuration by leveraging information on network loads, cyber activities, terrain, weather, movement, and RF situational awareness. In addition, this effort leverages and disseminates RF sensing electronic support information for use by operational forces, to coordinate and enable continued communications through electronic and navigation warfare effects. FY 2026 Plans: Will continue to refine understanding of algorithm performance, limitations and computational requirements and investigate suitable solutions to enable Automated Priced, Alternate, Contingency, and Emergency (PACE) technologies. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects the planned conclusion of this effort and transition to Program Element (PE) 0603275A (Electronic Warfare Advanced Technology) / Project A75 (Counter C3 Advanced Technology).	8.068	1.191	-
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	8.068	1.191	-

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602146A / Network C3I Technology	Project (Number/Name) AM6 / Modular RF Communications Technology

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions) Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602146A / Network C3I Technology	Project (Number/Name) AM8 / Protected SATCOM Technology
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
AM8: Protected SATCOM Technology	-	6.510	3.489	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	9.999

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project investigates resiliency of Wideband Satellite Communications (SATCOM) in contested and congested electromagnetic environments. Wideband SATCOM is

the primary high-bandwidth Beyond Line of Sight (BLOS) communications used by the tactical Army. This project designs and develops technologies and components,

such as interference cancellation, to increase availability and reliability of Wideband SATCOM in spectrum-challenged environments.

Work in this project complements Program Element (PE) 0603463A (Network C3I Advanced Technology) / Project AM9 (Protected SATCOM Advanced Technology).

Work in this project is performed by Command, Control, Computer, Communications, Cyber, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (C5ISR) Center.

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Multi-Orbit Modem (MOM) Description: This effort designs and develops Satellite Communications (SATCOM) ground terminal modem and management technology components to enable operation over multiple satellite constellations to increase performance and resiliency of wideband SATCOM in contested and congested electromagnetic environments. Modem components will include a software based terminal controller for modem management, repository of modem waveforms, and supporting network management. This effort develops resiliency through a flexible modem technology investigation and is complementary with Protected SATCOM efforts focused on antenna development. FY 2026 Plans: Will develop additional resiliency and redundancy by leveraging multiple simultaneous military and commercial satellite constellations. Will investigate virtualization of waveforms leveraging emerging technologies such as Digital Intermediate Frequency Interoperability (DIFI). FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects the strategic reallocation of resources to support evolving priorities and objectives.	6.510	3.489	-
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	6.510	3.489	-

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

PE 0602146A: Network C3I TechnologyUNCLASSIFIEDArmyPage 8 of 47R-1 Line #14Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 ArmyDate: April 2026Appropriation/Budget Activity2040 / 2R-1 Program Element (Number/Name)PE 0602146A / Network C3I TechnologyProject (Number/Name)AM8 / Protected SATCOM Technology

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602146A / Network C3I Technology	Project (Number/Name) AN3 / Non Traditional Waveforms Technology
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
AN3: Non Traditional Waveforms Technology	-	8.206	7.446	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	0.000	15.652

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project investigates non-traditional protocols and technologies to provide spectrally efficient, high bandwidth, low latency, lower spectrum footprint, and/or anti-jam

capabilities to tactical networks. This project develops network resiliency for the dismounted and vehicular units through science &and technology investigation.

Work in this project complements Program Element (PE) 0603463A (Network C3I Advanced Technology) / Project AN4 (Non-Traditional Waveforms Advanced Technology).

Work in this project is performed by the Command, Control, Computers, Communications, Cyber, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (C5ISR) Center.

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Spectrum Superstorm Description: This effort investigates the use of obfuscation and technical effects in the radio frequency spectrum using distributed and dispersed techniques to coordinate signal effects against adversaries from distant transmitters. This effort enables Army emitters to operate free from adversary geolocation attempts through technical effect applications.	1.657	-	-
Title: Quantum Sensing Description: This effort investigates the use of novel quantum-enhanced spectral receivers capable of wideband sensing of extremely low power signals at very large standoff distances. This effort matures quantum component technologies for use in very high receiver sensitivity. This effort designs and develops tactically relevant quantum sensors, considering form-factor, size, weight, power, and receiver performance. FY 2026 Plans: Will mature Rydberg, Josephson Junction and other superconducting receivers and determine suitable Army applications for technology; investigate cryogenic superconducting system to negate magnetic interference from Army platforms; investigate existing integrated quantum interference devices and combine with cryogenically rated designs to mature solutions for electromagnetic interference. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects planned conclusion of this effort.	4.018	3.969	-
Title: Extremely High Bandwidth Communications (ExHiBComm)	2.531	1.994	-

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602146A / Network C3I Technology	Project (Number/Name) AN3 / Non Traditional Waveforms Technology

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Description: This effort develops communication systems capable of 100X today's data rates while providing spatial low probability of intercept and low probability of detection to the links due to extremely high frequencies of operation. This effort will generate two products: Free Space Optics (FSO) and access points supporting multiple users with extremely high bandwidth. ExHibComm will target on-the-move ground links, but it can support ground to air, ground to space, air to air and air to space applications, enabling multi domain operations. ExHiBComm solves the challenge of spectrum scarcity and enables links anywhere in the world without the need of frequency clearances. FY 2026 Plans: Will develop algorithms for on-the-move (OTM) tracking capability and, reacquisition/node discovery. Will investigate modeling and simulation tec hniques to assess Free Space Optics (FSO) FSO system performance in various atmospheric and propagation conditions. Will conduct experiments on interfacing the FSO system with other radio frequency (RF) signals to provide a transport agnostic mechanism for high throughput communications. Will develop multiple-aperture FSO system for 360-degree coverage and multipoint communication capability. Will conduct proof of concept experimentation to validate the feasibility and assess the maturity of high throughput wireless access point technologies such as 5G, millimeter Wave (mmW) and Sub-TeraHertz systems. Will investigate compact FSO systems with photonic integrated circuits enabling beam steering for short range communication distances. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects the strategic reallocation of resources to support evolving priorities and objectives.
Title: Antenna Technology Description: This effort investigates radio agnostic software defined antenna (SDA) systems with the capability to rapidly adapt the radio carrier frequency among diverse targeted frequency bands using analog and/or digital frequency conversion. Frequency bands for consideration will include UHF, L, S, C, X, Ku, Ka, k, and V. This effort will evaluate and mature multiband antenna design, time division duplexing schemes, digital interfaces for radio head, digital combining technologies to support multiple simultaneous radios, and sensing/automation algorithms. FY 2026 Plans: Will investigate multiband antenna design for operation across multiple frequency bands to allow for support for multiple simultaneous radios. Will investigate time half duplex time division duplexing for tactical waveform compatibility to enable increase of the number of Army radios that can utilize software defined antenna. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement:	-	1.483	-

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602146A / Network C3I Technology	Project (Number/Name) AN3 / Non Traditional Waveforms Technology

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Funding decrease reflects the strategic reallocation of resources to support evolving priorities and objectives.
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	8.206	7.446	-

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy

N/A

Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2					R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602146A / Network C3I Technology	Project (Number/Name) AN9 / UNT - Every Receiver is a Sensor Technology
COST ($ in Millions)	Prior Years	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027 Base	FY 2027 OOC	FY 2027 Total	FY 2028	FY 2029	FY 2030	FY 2031	Cost To Complete	Total Cost
AN9: UNT - Every Receiver is a Sensor Technology	-	4.492	8.898	30.028	-	30.028	55.475	54.613	54.565	55.054	0.000	263.125

A. Mission Description and Budget Item Justification

This project develops algorithms that enable every communication receiver in the tactical environment to operate as a sensor while maintaining the systems' original

networking capability. It matures standards and protocols to expand the Cyber-Electromagnetic Activity (CEMA) situational understanding. This project investigates

resource management approaches to increase simultaneity within resource constrained environments. It extends the Army's deep sensing capability by improving

simultaneous functionality, leveraging all potential sensing assets within the area of operations and supporting real time feedback of mission effectiveness. This project

helps the Army pace global electromagnetic spectrum technology advancements by designing and developing critical near peer signals intelligence (SIGINT) capabilities

designed for the Army's size, weight, and power (SWaP)-constrained tactical edge. This project will develop tools and methods to collect and analyze geospatial data

and enable maneuver through informing constraints.

Work in this project complements Program Element (PE) 0603463A (Network C3I Advanced Technology) / Project AO1 (UNT - Every Receiver is a Sensor Advanced Tech) and PE 0602146A (Network C3I Technology) / Project AN7 (COE - Every Receiver is a Sensor Technology).

Work in this project is performed by the Command, Control, Computers, Communications, Cyber, Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (C5ISR) Center, Artificial Intelligence Integration Center (AI2C), Army Research Laboratory (ARL), and the Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC).

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Title: Multi-Int Modernization Combined Architecture (MIMCA) Description: This effort investigates optimization of radio frequency transmit and receive resources to conduct simultaneous electronic warfare (EW), signals intelligence (SIGINT) and offensive cyber missions. Efforts will leverage low power interference techniques adapted to high power applications to reduce interference from co-located capabilities on multifunction systems and novel resource scheduling characteristics to execute Cyber and ElectroMagnetic Activities (CEMA) and support real-time feedback such as Battle Damage Assessment (BDA) and adaptive Electronic Attack (EA).	2.053	-	-
Title: Army SIGINT Modernization Description: This effort will investigate and develop Radio Frequency (RF) signal analysis and processing techniques to improve detection, identification, and exploitation of high priority peer/near-peer adversary military signals. Effort will significantly increase detection and parameterization of unknown signals, improving battlespace operations in contested Radio Frequency (RF) environments. FY 2026 Plans:	2.439	2.098	-

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602146A / Network C3I Technology	Project (Number/Name) AN9 / UNT - Every Receiver is a Sensor Technology

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Will conduct experiments with novel RF processing techniques to intelligently group signals spatially in a complex environment; mature techniques to correctly identify signals in a low signal to noise ratio environment; validate concepts for optimal signal processing hardware implementations. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects realignment to Multi-Domain Signal Collection & Processing Tech within this project to continue the advancement of RF signal analysis and processing techniques.
Title: Army SIGINT Modernization (ASM-SIGINT Modernization AI/ML RF Detection and Analysis Tech) Description: This effort will investigate Radio Frequency Machine Learning (RFML) as a means to autonomously detect, identify or characterize previously unknown signals and adversarial wartime reserve modes, significantly increasing situational awareness by assisting SIGINT analysts in finding high priority signals of interest. FY 2026 Plans: Will investigate and design data generation and labeling tools to produce diverse training data, including directionality and different electromagnetic environments; develop RFML approaches to detect, characterize and catalogue previously unobserved signals of interest in real time in contested radio frequency environments. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Funding decrease reflects realignment to Multi-Domain Signal Collection & Processing Tech within this project to continue the advancement of RF machine learning.	-	3.695	-
Title: AI/ML Based ATR (ABA) for Array Geometries Description: This effort will research and develop signal processing approaches for radars to allow them to detect, identify, locate and report threats from low-grazing angle geometries appropriate to emerging Army intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) systems. Research will develop technologies to enable the reporting for targets while de-emphasizing false alarms and detections of non-interest. This effort will significantly improve target prosecution timelines enabling actionable targeting at the pace of battle. FY 2026 Plans: Will develop radar techniques and processing for automated, intelligent moving target indication; conduct experiments to validate technique performance against benchmarks in a laboratory environment. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement:	-	3.105	-

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602146A / Network C3I Technology	Project (Number/Name) AN9 / UNT - Every Receiver is a Sensor Technology

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Funding decrease reflects realignment to Multi-Domain Signal Collection & Processing Tech within this project to continue the advancement of signal processing approaches for radars.
Title: Multi-Domain Signal Collection & Processing Technology Description: This effort investigates and develops multi-domain radio frequency (RF) exploitation systems and target prosecution for next-generation Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR). Effort will mature advanced processing techniques and hardware components that automate detection, identification, localization, tracking and exploitation of high order-of-battle targets, increasing autonomous detection and exploitation of priority peer/near-peer adversary military signals of interest and target identification confidence for deep sensing while significantly decreasing target prosecution timelines. Effort will significantly increase detection and parameterization of unknown signals leveraging RF machine learning (ML), improving battlespace operations in contested RF environments. Effort will develop technologies to improve the robustness of the system through automation. This effort will enable actionable targeting at the pace of battle while decreasing false alarms and reducing the cognitive load on operators through automation. This effort will also investigate approaches for RF systems supporting electronic warfare (EW), signals intelligence, and radar. Radar applications will specifically develop automated target recognition (ATR) solutions to detect, identify, locate, track, and report threats from low-grazing angle geometries appropriate to emerging Army intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR) systems. FY 2027 Plans: Will design and develop emerging signal processing software components to feed signal collection architecture; leverage diverse training data for emerging high priority peer/near-peer adversary military signals; develop machine language models for generating signal detectors for unknown signals of interest; investigate novel RF hardware components for detection, identification, and localization of signals of interest; investigate sensor performance models capable of predicting sensor performance in realistic environments; conduct laboratory experiment to mature signal localization; investigate and develop radar Automated Target Recognition (ATR) concepts, intelligent moving target radar modes, and the processing to enable generalizable ATR that provides high confidence moving target identification through techniques such as focusing and identifying movers from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: This is not a new start effort. FY 2027 funding increase reflects the consolidation of other ongoing efforts within this project from Army SIGINT Modernization, Army SIGINT Modernization (ASM)-SIGINT Modernization AI/ML RF Detection and Analysis Tech and AI/ML Based ATR (ABA) for Array Geometries to continue the advancement of technologies. Funding increase reflects additional restructure from Program Element (PE) 0602146A (Network C3I Technology) / Project AQ7 (High Tempo Data Driven Decision Tools Technology).	-	-	10.746
Title: Multi-Domain PED for Intelligent Situational Understanding	-	-	2.103

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602146A / Network C3I Technology	Project (Number/Name) AN9 / UNT - Every Receiver is a Sensor Technology

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Description: This effort develops and assesses artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled Processing, Exploitation, and Dissemination (PED) capabilities to automate and accelerate data fusion across distributed formation and echelons. This research will enhance the effectiveness of forward sensors by enabling rapid PED and correlation. This effort focuses on integrating multi-modal data from diverse sources with intelligent algorithms and analysis of data at the edge or server-side, as appropriate, to enable greater lethality and improved targeting. FY 2027 Plans: Will develop artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) methods to exploit multi-modal data from ground and aerial platforms for object detection and scene understanding in all-source use cases; exploit in?situ environmental intelligence using Battlefield Energy for Autonomous Vehicle Expedition and Recharge (BEAVER) that fuses multi?domain geospatial and environmental sensor feeds into PED products to optimize energy consumption and resupply nodes for autonomous vehicle routing and sustainment. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: This is not a new start effort. Funding realigned from Program Element (PE) 0602146A (Network C3I Technology) / Project CU6 (Adaptive Information Mediation and Analytics) to streamline and optimize the Science and Technology (S&T) portfolio.
Title: AI-/ML Technologies for Intel Dominance Description: This effort investigates the application of cutting-edge Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning (AI/ML) tools to enhance Army intelligence support for Multi-Domain Operations by improving the ability to provide information collection, situational understanding, and intelligence support to targeting. Will investigate the application of novel state-of-the-art AI/ML to enhance pre-mission analysis of the operational environment, improve the ability to leverage data, information and intelligence, perform Information Preparation of the Operational Environment, situational development and to provide intelligence support to unique missions. FY 2027 Plans: Will design and develop AI/ML models, agents, and tools to reimagine Intelligence processes and workflows to provide situational understanding; investigate AI infrastructure to support augmented analysis and threat model visualization; use AI modeling to conduct experiments for integrating in existing workflows or invent new workflows to enhance Multi-Domain Operations. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: This is not a new start effort. Funding realigned from Program Element (PE) 0602180A (Network C3I Technology) / Project CL2 (AI Enhanced Intel Operations Technologies) to streamline and optimize the Science and Technology (S&T) portfolio.	-	-	4.694
Title: Geospatial Information Capabilities	-	-	4.845

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602146A / Network C3I Technology	Project (Number/Name) AN9 / UNT - Every Receiver is a Sensor Technology

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
Description: Modernize Army geospatial capabilities for geospatial engineers (MOSs 12Y/125D) to generate, manage, analyze, and disseminate geospatial products as part of an integrated geospatial enterprise capability. Tailor tools for Military Occupational Specialty (MOS) agnostic users to make terrain informed decisions. Effort includes methods and tools to investigate and develop techniques for terrain analysis from a broader range of data sources and assess terrain suitability to sustain various Warfighting Systems. FY 2027 Plans: Will investigate and develop capabilities that will enable sensor agnostic geospatial data analysis. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Increase is a realignment from PE 0603463A (Network C3I Advanced Technology) / AU1 (Tactical GeoSpatial Information Capabilities ATech) to develop capabilities to enable geospatial data analytics.
Title: Mission Critical Intelligence Description: This effort advances terrain modeling and data integration technologies to enhance operational awareness in environments impacted by extreme disturbances such as wildfires, flash floods, earthquakes, and military conflicts. It develops high-fidelity battlefield overlay maps that accurately depict hydrologic and soil moisture threats, automates the integration of diverse terrain datasets, and addresses dynamic conditions like soil composition, vegetation, hydrology, and permafrost/ice. Additionally, it focuses on Arctic and sub-Arctic terrain analysis for force projection on frozen inland water bodies and integrates forest metrics with environmental battlefield awareness tools to inform ecological analogues in data-limited regions. The effort aims to reduce risks and improve decision-making in complex and evolving operational landscapes. FY 2027 Plans: Will validate and refine environmental algorithms and modeling frameworks to enhance decision-making across multiple domains. Key efforts include improving algorithms, refining model framework, and validating iterative machine learning models. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Increase is to validate algorithms and modeling frameworks for decision-making. This effort was consolidated from PE 0602182A (C3I Applied Research) / Project CX3 (Intelligent Env Battlefield Awareness Apl Tech) to combine advanced terrain modeling and intel capabilities into a project.	-	-	2.914
Title: Long Stand-Off 3D Description: This effort will develop an advanced sensor for 3D data collection from long standoff. The sensor will achieve resolution sufficient for high confidence target identification, operate at night, and be able to collect wide area mapping data for geospatial foundation.	-	-	4.726

Exhibit R-2A, RDT&E Project Justification: PB 2027 Army			Date: April 2026
Appropriation/Budget Activity 2040 / 2	R-1 Program Element (Number/Name) PE 0602146A / Network C3I Technology	Project (Number/Name) AN9 / UNT - Every Receiver is a Sensor Technology

B. Accomplishments/Planned Programs ($ in Millions)	FY 2025	FY 2026	FY 2027
FY 2027 Plans: Will mature environmentally survivable advanced 3D collection methods. FY 2026 to FY 2027 Increase/Decrease Statement: Increase is to mature 3D collection methods that can survive harsh environments. This effort a realignment from PE 0603463A (Network C3I Advanced Technology) / AU4 (Geospatially Enabled Operational Design Adv Tech) and a consolidation from PE 0602182A (C3I Applied Research) / Project DB4 (Enabling Long Standoff 3D Tech) to combine advanced 3D data collection and wide area mapping.
Accomplishments/Planned Programs Subtotals	4.492	8.898	30.028

C. Other Program Funding Summary ($ in Millions)

N/A

Remarks

D. Acquisition Strategy